What are the guidelines for analysis of the poem "Đất nước" by Nguyen DInh Thi? What are the regulations on periodic assessment of students in vocational education and training institutions at the upper secondary level in Vietnam?

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What are the guidelines for analysis of the poem "Đất nước" by Nguyen DInh Thi?

The poem "Đất nước" by Nguyen DInh Thi is a prominent work in the Vietnamese resistance literature, expressing love for the homeland, national pride, and the indomitable spirit of the Vietnamese people during the war years.

Students can refer to the following sample analysis of the poem "Đất nước" by Nguyen DInh Thi:

Nguyen DInh Thi – A soul, a multi-talented individual with works and writings across various genres. Literature, music composition, philosophy, criticism... in each field, he is highly skilled. In poetry, he has made important contributions to Vietnamese literature with a vibrant, tender, and profound voice that is also elegant and simply relatable to all. A significant work from this period is the poem "Đất nước". Created between 1948-1955, the combination of the two poems Đêm mít tinh and Sáng mát trong như sáng năm xưa helped the author form a respectful attitude, a comprehensive view of the nation's image. Đất nước is indeed a heroic, epic, glorious, and brilliant poetic chronicle of the nation.

At the beginning of the poem, Nguyen DInh Thi uses the image of a distant autumn, an autumn with memories and images from the past.

“Sáng mát trong như sáng năm xưa

Gió thổi mùa thu hương cốm mới

Tôi nhớ những ngày thu đã xa”

Nguyen DInh Thi stands before the autumn of the present and reminisces about the autumn of the past. With the fresh and pure image of the early morning autumn, with the autumn wind carrying the scent of new green rice, the author makes the reader feel a familiar autumn, a beautiful autumn of the past. The beauty of autumn, for the author, remains unchanged forever, nostalgia with reminiscence.

Just with the verse “gió thổi mùa thu hương cốm mới”, it awakens in the readers the image of autumn in Hanoi with its traditional, elegant, enduring, and ancient beauty. A bit of gentle may wind, a fragrant scent of green rice. A familiar image lasting from year to year without change.

The verse “tôi nhớ những mùa thu đã xa” acts like a hinging verse, shifting direction, steering the reader's emotions towards the present:

“Sáng chớm, lạnh trong lòng Hà Nội

Những phố dài xao xác hơi may

Người ra đi đầu không ngoảnh lại

Sau lưng thềm nắng lá rơi đầy”

The following stanza continues with a slow rhythm, filled with longing. Nguyen DInh Thi again recalls the image of “sáng”. But the current autumn light of Hanoi is beautiful yet sad, evoking many memories. The early autumn morning, slightly cold in the heart of Hanoi, or more accurately, the slight cold of the heart before each arrival, each moment of autumn. The poet's subtlety is reflected in the phrase “trong lòng Hà Nội”. Could this actually be nostalgia through these deeply haunting and poignant verses?

Here, another image of Hanoi's characteristic is evoked: “Những phố dài” and, another subtle touch from the poet, is the use of the alliteration “xao xác”. All evoke desolation and loneliness. The “xao xác” of the autumn leaves is perhaps the full sentiment. The image of rustling wind combined with the image of long streets creates attraction and depth.

And, suddenly, the author's emotional flow changes with the image of departure. The third verse like a proud nod, a determined assertion filled with great ambition. But the final verse is a deep, direct feeling, sentiment expressed evenly across the page through the author's rhythm break.

Some say, the image of Hanoi is encapsulated in the final verse: “thềm nắng lá rơi đầy”. A beautiful verse rich in aesthetic nuance. The autumn scene of Hanoi bathed in sunlight, evoking enchanting shades in the mind of the departing person. How can one leave when such a beautiful, enchanting Hanoi keeps holding them back, softening the heart.

That is the autumn of the past, while the autumn of now, of the present, is more vibrant, fresher. And more prideful in the author's heart.

“Mùa thu nay khác rồi

Tôi đứng vui nghe giữa núi đồi

Gió thổi rừng tre phấp phới

Trời thu thay áo mới

Trong biếc nói cười thiết tha”

A proud affirmation, opening the readers towards the image of autumn with new changes compared to the old autumn. The word “khác” seems to denote not just the difference in time and space like before and now but also the difference in human cognition and ideology. Because simply, autumn has always been the same, still the mild wind with the scent of green rice. It's the human perception that matters. The old autumn was the autumn of a subjugated nation. A suffering human condition, making autumn appear gloomy and tragic. Once independent, autumn seems more radiant and harmonious. Amidst the change of heaven and earth, of new life, one blends into the common joy. Humans harmonize with nature and the universe. Humans hear the jubilant echoes of independence, the utmost happiness.

Here, autumn space is expanded and open. The sound of the wind blowing through the bamboo groves. Still, the autumn wind, but not quietly or sadly, rather the wind (blowing into the bamboo grove) fluttering fitfully. As if wanting to convey the entire human joy to nature, the universe.

The image of a bamboo grove symbolizes Vietnam's strength, Vietnam's beauty, the joy of independent autumn. All as if wanting to burst into ecstatic cheers.

And in a euphoric sentiment, Nguyen DInh Thi crafts exquisitely artistic verses:

“Trời thu thay áo mới

Trong biếc nói cười thiết tha”

Autumn seems personified. And the reader feels autumn like a graceful, delicate young lady donning a new, radiant, fresh, and gentle outfit. Perhaps that attire is of the nation's independence and freedom.

Autumn here has both the fresh clarity of the eternal autumn and the enthusiasm and delight. The verse evokes all the emotions, depth, liveliness... creating harmony between human joy and the joy of the earth and sky on the day of independence.

And the poet's emotion seems to stretch across the stanza:

“Trời xanh đây là của chúng ta

Núi rừng đây là của chúng ta

Những cánh đồng thơm mát

Những ngả đường bát ngát

Những dòng sông đỏ nặng phù sa”

The verses entwine with each other. With a vigorous, short, rhythm-breaking technique, creating a heroic resonance filled with pride.

Now Nguyen DInh Thi seems like a guide, presenting and expressing to everyone about the homeland’s landscapes. Here are the mountains and forests, the blue sky, there are the fields, roads, further ahead are the rivers.

All seem to be displaying their inherent beauty and allure. Or to put it accurately, this is the eagerness, all the pride, and honor as the “master.” The author emphasizes the preposition “of” to assert ownership and autonomy.

Here, there is a change in address, a blend between Nguyen DInh Thi's personal self, the artist, and the collective self of the entire nation. Nguyen DInh Thi not only voices his own but also articulates for the nation, for everyone through the proud words “chúng ta”.

During the French colonial period, the concept of “chúng ta” didn’t exist. Everything was under the strict censorship of the colonizers. Only in the new era, only in society, and the collective “our,” only in the new era can we breathe the fresh air of free autumn, no longer stifling oppressive like before. Nguyen DInh Thi seems to want to affirm the superiority of the new society.

Note: The content is for reference only.

Analysis of the poem Đất nước by Nguyễn Đình Thi? Periodic assessment for high school vocational education students

What are the regulations on periodic assessment of students in vocational education and training institutions at the upper secondary level in Vietnam?

Under Clause 3, Article 10 of Circular 15/2022/TT-BGDDT on periodic assessment of students in vocational education and training institutions at the upper secondary level in Vietnam:

1) Periodic assessment shall base on points of periodic examinations.

- Examination period of a subject having 168 periods from 45 minutes to 60 minutes; for a 252-hour course from 60 minutes to 90 minutes.

- Question papers must be reliable, have answers, marking criteria and detailed scale, and meet the requirements of the examination and assessment contents.

2) In each semester, each subject must have 01 (one) periodic assessment point (abbreviated to “DDGdk”).

What are the forms of final exams for students in vocational education and training institutions at the upper secondary level in Vietnam?

Under Clause 2, Article 11 of Circular 15/2022/TT-BGDDT on the forms of final exams for students in vocational education and training institutions at the upper secondary level in Vietnam:

- A paper-based or computer-based exam taken in the form of an objective exam or an essay or a combination of an objective exam and an essay.

- The period for a final exam is from 60 minutes to 120 minutes.

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