What are the 8 manifestations of the knowledge economy? What are the orientations to the educational methods for Geography in Vietnam?
What are the 08 manifestations of the knowledge economy?
knowledge economy is not just a theoretical concept; it has distinct manifestations in reality. Countries and regions that develop based on knowledge economy exhibit various factors, from educational development policies and investments in technology to the structure of industries and labor markets. The following are the main manifestations of knowledge economy:
1. Increasing value added from knowledge
In knowledge economy, the value of a product no longer primarily depends on natural resources or manual labor but on creativity, technological innovation, and expertise.
Products and services in this economy typically have a high knowledge content, such as software, financial services, high-tech products, or high-tech healthcare services.
Technology companies like Apple, Google, and Microsoft can create products with exceptional value without exploiting natural resources by primarily utilizing intellect and creativity to develop products.
2. Rapid development of information and communication technology (ICT)
ICT is a pillar in the knowledge economy. The development of information and communication technology not only changes production methods but also opens up new opportunities in communication, business, and learning.
Technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data, Machine Learning, and the Internet of Things (IoT) help optimize work processes, reduce costs, and create breakthrough products and services.
Digital Transformation has become a crucial factor, helping businesses and organizations improve productivity and maintain a competitive edge in the global market.
3. Strong growth in the service industries, particularly digital services
The knowledge economy witnesses a strong transition from a manufacturing-based economy to a service-based economy, especially digital services. Industries such as digital finance, online healthcare, e-learning, e-commerce, and online entertainment are thriving.
For example, Amazon is not just a retail platform but also a cloud computing service for thousands of companies worldwide, while Netflix is a leading digital entertainment service in the television industry.
Digital services offer convenience and high added value to consumers and businesses, contributing to sustainable economic growth.
4. Changes in labor structure and skill demand
In the knowledge economy, the demand for professional qualifications and technological skills is increasing. Traditional jobs, especially in manufacturing, are gradually being replaced by high-tech jobs, such as programmers, data analysts, AI engineers, or network security experts.
The knowledge economy stimulates demand for soft skills like creativity, critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and teamwork capabilities.
Countries and businesses are increasingly focusing on retraining and career development through online training programs, lifelong learning, and intensive courses to help workers adapt to rapid changes in technology and the market.
5. Innovation and research and development (R&D) becoming central
Innovation is a core factor in the knowledge economy. Countries and businesses invest heavily in research and development (R&D) to create new products and technologies, thereby creating sustainable competitive advantages.
Prominent enterprises like Tesla, SpaceX, and Apple focus on continuous innovation in technology, engineering, and product design. Creating high-value breakthrough products has helped them maintain their market position.
The Government of Vietnam and research organizations also play an essential role in developing new technologies, especially in fields like biotechnology, renewable energy, and high-tech healthcare.
6. Expansion of the global market and borderless connectivity
The knowledge economy promotes globalization and borderless connectivity. Thanks to information technology, businesses can easily access customers and partners worldwide without needing a physical presence in every country.
E-commerce, digital services, and software can be exported and consumed globally without geographic or natural resource constraints.
Startups can operate and expand in multiple countries thanks to online platforms like Shopify, Slack, or Zoom, which are successful companies that started small.
7. Enhanced role of intellectual property
In knowledge economy, intellectual property (IP) becomes a valuable asset; protecting patents, copyrights, trademarks, and data is a prerequisite for encouraging creativity and innovation.
Large enterprises like Microsoft, Google, and IBM have stringent strategies to protect their intellectual property rights, thereby safeguarding their technologies and software from unauthorized duplication.
Nations have also established strong legal systems to protect intellectual property to promote innovation and creativity in all fields, from technology to entertainment.
8. Strong development of new business models
The knowledge economy encourages the emergence of new business models such as the sharing economy, digital economy, and tech startups.
These models not only change production organization but also alter perceptions of ownership, resource distribution, and consumption. For example, Uber, Airbnb, and Lyft have transformed the transportation and tourism industries by connecting consumers and service providers online.
Note: The content on manifestations of the knowledge economy is for reference only!
What are the 8 manifestations of the knowledge economy? What are the orientations to the educational methods for Geography in Vietnam? (Image from the Internet)
What are the orientations to the educational methods for Geography in Vietnam?
According to section 7 of the General education program in Geography issued under Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the orientations to the educational methods for Geography in Vietnam are as follows:
- Assessment of educational outcomes in Geography aims to provide precise, timely, and valuable information on the level of meeting the program's requirements and students' progress to guide learning activities.
- The basis for assessing students' educational outcomes is the achievement standards on quality and competency stipulated in the overall program and the Geography curriculum.
- Regarding assessment content, beyond assessing knowledge, it is necessary to enhance the assessment of students' skills such as: working with maps, atlases, charts, diagrams, data tables, pictures, observation, collecting, processing, and systematizing information, using outdoor learning tools, and employing technology and communication in learning..., focusing on assessing the ability to apply knowledge to specific situations.
- Diversifying assessment forms, and increasing regular assessments for all students shall be conducted through various means, combining teacher assessments with self-assessment and peer assessment among students.
- Educational outcomes are assessed through qualitative and quantitative forms via regular and periodic assessments, thereby aggregating the overall assessment of students' quality, competence, and progress.
What are the basic features of the Geography subject in Vietnam?
Under section 1 of the General education program in Geography issued under Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the basic features of the Geography subject in Vietnam are as follows:
- Geography education is implemented at all levels of general education. In primary and lower secondary levels, geography education content is integrated into the History&Geography subject.
- In the upper secondary level, Geography is a subject within the social science group, selected based on student's interests and career orientation.
- Geography is part of both social sciences (Economic-Social Geography) and natural sciences (Physical Geography), helping students gain a basic understanding of geographical sciences, related occupations, and the ability to apply geographical knowledge in life;
Simultaneously, it consolidates and expands the core general knowledge and skills foundation formed in the basic education stage, providing a solid basis for students to continue in geography-related careers.
