What are the 5+ exercise types for balancing Chemical equations and solving methods? What is the duration for 8th-grade Natural Science in Vietnam?

What are the 5+ exercise types for balancing Chemical equations and solving methods? What is the duration for 8th-grade Natural Science in Vietnam?

What are the 5+ exercise types for balancing Chemical equations and solving methods?

Type 1: Complete and Balance Chemical Equations

Exercises:

MgCl2 + KOH → Mg(OH)2 + KCl

Cu(OH)2 + HCl → CuCl2 + H2O

Cu(OH)2 + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O

FeO + HCl → FeCl2 + H2O

Fe2O3 + H2SO4 → Fe2(SO4)3 + H2O

Cu(NO3)2 + NaOH → Cu(OH)2 + NaNO3

P + O2 → P2O5

N2 + O2 → NO

NO + O2 → NO2

NO2 + O2 + H2O → HNO3

Na2O + H2O → NaOH

Ca(OH)2 + Na2CO3 → CaCO3 + NaOH

Fe2O3 + H2 → Fe + H2O

Mg(OH)2 + HCl → MgCl2 + H2O

FeI3 → FeI2 + I2

AgNO3 + K3PO4 → Ag3PO4 + KNO3

SO2 + Ba(OH)2 → BaSO3 + H2O

Ag + Cl2 → AgCl

FeS + HCl → FeCl2 + H2S

Pb(OH)2 + HNO3 → Pb(NO3)2 + H2O

Solutions:

MgCl2 + 2KOH → Mg(OH)2 + 2KCl

Cu(OH)2 + 2HCl → CuCl2 + 2H2O

Cu(OH)2 + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + 2H2O

FeO + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2O

Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 → Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O

Cu(NO3)2 + 2NaOH → Cu(OH)2 + 2NaNO3

4P + 5O2 → 2P2O5

N2 + O2 → 2NO

2NO + O2 → 2NO2

4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O → 4HNO3

Na2O + H2O → 2NaOH

Ca(OH)2 + Na2CO3 → CaCO3 + 2NaOH

Fe2O3 + 3H2 → 2Fe + 3H2O

Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl → MgCl2 + 2H2O

2FeI3 → 2FeI2 + I2

3AgNO3 + K3PO4 → Ag3PO4 + 3KNO3

SO2 + Ba(OH)2 → BaSO3 + H2O

2Ag + Cl2 → 2AgCl

FeS + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2S

Pb(OH)2 + 2HNO3 → Pb(NO3)2 + 2H2O

Type 2: Identify Appropriate Coefficients to Balance Equations

Exercises:

Al2O3 + ? → ?AlCl3 + ?H2O

H3PO4 + ?KOH → K3PO4 + ?

?NaOH + CO2 → Na2CO3 + ?

Mg + ?HCl → ? + ?H2

? H2 + O2 → ?
P2O5 + ? → ?H3PO4

CaO + ?HCl → CaCl2 + H2O

CuSO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 + ?

Solutions:

Al2O3 + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2O

H3PO4 + 3KOH → K3PO4 + 3H2O

2NaOH + CO2 → Na2CO3 + H2O

Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O

P2O5 + 3H2O → 2H3PO4

CaO + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O

CuSO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 + CuCl2

Type 3: Atomic Schemas Established and Mole Ratio of Substances Post-Reaction

Exercises:

a) Na + O2 → Na2O

b) P2O5 + H2O → H3PO4

c) HgO → Hg + O2
d) Fe(OH)3 → Fe2O3 + H2O

Solutions:

a) 4Na + O2 → 2Na2O Ratio: Na atoms : O2 molecules : Na2O molecules = 4 : 1 : 2
b) P2O5 + 3H2O → 2H3PO4 Ratio: P2O5 molecules : H2O molecules : H3PO4 molecules = 1 : 3 : 2

c) 2HgO → 2Hg + O2 Ratio: HgO molecules : Hg atoms : O2 molecules = 2 : 2 : 1

d) 2Fe(OH)3 → Fe2O3 + 3H2O Ratio: Fe(OH)3 molecules : Fe2O3 molecules : H2O molecules = 2 : 1 : 3

Type 4: Balancing Equations with Organic Compounds

Exercises:

CnH2n + O2 → CO2 + H2O

CnH2n + 2 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

CnH2n - 2 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

CnH2n - 6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

CnH2n + 2O + O2 → CO2 + H2O

Solutions:

CnH2n + O2 → nCO2 + nH2O

CnH2n + 2 + O2 → nCO2 + (n+1)H2O

CnH2n - 2 + O2 → nCO2 + (n-1)H2O

CnH2n - 6 + O2 → nCO2 + (n-3)H2O

CnH2n + 2O + O2 → nCO2 + (n+1)H2O

Type 5: Chemical Equations with Variables

Exercises:

FexOy + H2 → Fe + H2O

FexOy + HCl → FeCl2y/x + H2O

FexOy + H2SO4 → Fe2(SO4)2y/x + H2O

M + H2SO4 → M2(SO4)n + SO2 + H2O

M + HNO3 → M(NO3)n + NO + H2O

FexOy + H2SO4 → Fe2(SO4)2y/x + SO2 + H2O

Solutions:

FexOy + yH2 → xFe + yH2O

FexOy + 2yHCl → xFeCl2y/x + yH2O

2FexOy + 2yH2SO4 → xFe2(SO4)2y/x + 2yH2O

2M + 2nH2SO4 → M2(SO4)n + nSO2 + 2nH2O

M + 2nHNO3 → M(NO3)n + 2nNO + H2O

FexOy + yH2SO4 → xFe2(SO4)2y/x + ySO2 + yH2O

Note: The content is for reference only!

5+ Types of Exercises for Balancing Chemical Equations and Solving Methods? Natural Science Subject Duration for 8th Grade?

What are the 5+ exercise types for balancing Chemical equations and solving methods? What is the duration for 8th-grade Natural Science in Vietnam? (Image from the Internet)

What is the duration for 8th-grade Natural Science in Vietnam?

In the General Education Program for Natural Science issued alongside Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT:

The duration by each grade is 140 lessons per academic year, taught over 35 weeks. The estimated percentage of lessons allocated for each topic is presented in the table below:

Content Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9
Introduction 5% 4% 2% 2%
Substances and Chemical Changes 15% 20% 29% 31%
States of Matter 3%      
Oxygen and Air 2%      
Common Materials, Fuels, Raw Materials, Food 6%      
Solutions; Separating Substances from Mixtures 4%      
Atoms. Chemical Elements   6%    
Molecules   9%    
Brief Overview of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements   5%    
Chemical Reactions     12%  
Reaction Rates and Catalysts     3%  
Acid - Base - pH - Oxide - Salt; Chemical Fertilizers     14%  
Metals       8%
Basic Differences between Nonmetals and Metals       4%
Introduction to Organic Substances

Hydrocarbons and Fuel Sources
      7%
Ethylic Alcohol, Acetic Acid; Lipids - Carbohydrates - Proteins Polymers       12%
Living Organisms 38% 38% 29% 25%
Cells - The Fundamental Unit of Life 11%      
Biodiversity 27%      
Metabolism and Energy Transformation in Organisms   23%    
Response in Organisms   3%    
Growth and Development in Organisms   5%    
Reproduction in Organisms; Organisms as a Unified Body   7%    
Human Body Biology     20%  
Environment; Ecosystems     9%  
Genetic Phenomena       19%
Evolution       6%
Energy and Transformation 25% 28% 28% 28%
Measurements 7%      
Force 11% 8% 6%  
Density and Pressure     8%  
Energy and Life 7%   6% 7%
Sound   7%    
Light   6%   9%
Electricity     8% 7%
Magnetism   7%   5%
Earth and the Sky 7% 0% 2% 4%
Visible Motion of the Sun, Moon; Solar System; Milky Way 7%      
Biosphere and Biomes on Earth     2%  
Resource Extraction from Earth's Crust; Brief "Chemistry About Earth's Crust"       4%
Periodic Assessment 10% 10% 10% 10%

Thus, the duration of 8th-grade Natural Science in Vietnam is 140 lessons over 35 weeks.

What do the equipment, specimens, and chemicals used for practical lessons under the 8th-grade Natural Science curriculum in Vietnam include?

Under the General Education Program for Natural Science issued in association with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the equipment, specimens, and chemicals used for practical lessons under the 8th-grade Natural Science curriculum in Vietnam include:

- Length, area, volume, mass, temperature, time measuring tools; measurement car with integrated position sensor, force sensor for motion and friction force studies;

- Dynamometers, measuring tapes, permanent magnets, spring scales; audio frequency generators, tuning forks, oscilloscopes; tools for creating and displaying light beams, illuminating areas, mixing light colors; plane mirrors, prisms; tools for magnetic field studies, student compasses; permanent magnets, electromagnets;

- Devices for examining material density and surface pressure; simple apparatus for creating levers; tools for generating and redistributing electric charges (Van de Graaff generator, soft silk, plastic comb, etc.); electric energy measurement kit (joulemeter);

- Kits for studying light reflection; kits for studying light refraction; digital scales; portable pH meters; glassware such as: test tubes, flasks, jars, beakers, funnels, bowls, pipettes, etc.; chemicals: essential chemicals needed for demonstration and practical experiments.

- Specimens of fertilizers; models, sets for assembling hollow, solid molecules of alkanes, ethylic alcohol, acetic acid.

- Microscopy specimens of cells and cell organelles; kits for preparing dried plant specimens, soaking animal specimens; kits for exploring wild organisms.

- Practical kits for applying bandages to fractures, blood pressure monitors, bandaging tools for bleeding injuries. c) Subject room

- Sufficient room space to store equipment, specimens, and tables, chairs for students to conduct practical lessons, water taps, sinks, fire safety equipment.

- Fixed equipment: writing board, specimen cupboard, consumables (chemicals, glassware, experiment trays), chemical and laboratory apparatus racks, chart hanging racks, stone-covered practice tables, refrigerators, drying cabinets, dehumidifiers, ventilation fans, protective equipment, tools used according to practical lessons.

- Electronic and optical, audiovisual equipment: microscopes, magnifying glasses, binoculars, computers, projectors, screens, TVs, etc.

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