MINISTRY
OF CONSTRUCTION OF VIETNAM |
SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM |
No. 15/2023/TT-BXD |
Hanoi, December 29, 2023 |
ISSUING THE QCVN 07:2023/BXD ON NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM
Pursuant to the Law on Technical Regulations and Standards dated June 29, 2006;
Pursuant to No. 127/2007/ND-CP dated August 01, 2007 of the Government elaborating the implementation of the Law on Technical Regulations and Standards and Decree No. 78/2018/ND-CP dated May 16, 2018 of the Government on amendment to the Decree No. 127/2007/ND-CP ;
Pursuant to Decree No. 52/2022/ND-CP dated August 8, 2022 of the Government on functions, tasks, powers, and organizational structures of Ministry of Construction;
At request of Director of Science Technology and Environment Department and Director of Technical Infrastructure Agency,
The Minister of Construction promulgates Circular on National Technical Regulation on Technical Infrastructure System.
Article 1. The QCVN 07:2023/BXD National Technical Regulation on Technical Infrastructure System is attached hereto.
Article 2. This Circular comes into force from July 1, 2024 and replaces Circular No. 01/2016/TT-BXD dated February 1, 2016 issuing the QCVN 07:2016/BXD on National Technical Regulations on Technical Infrastructure Works.
Article 3. Ministries, ministerial agencies, Governmental agencies, People’s Committees of provinces and central-affiliated cities, and relevant organizations, individuals are responsible for the implementation of this Circular./.
|
PP. MINISTER |
QCVN 07:2023/BXD
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM
QCVN 07-1:2023/BXD |
WATER SUPPLY WORKS |
QCVN 07-2:2023/BXD |
SEWERAGE, DRAINAGE WORKS |
QCVN 07-3:2023/BXD |
TRENCH AND TUNNEL WORKS |
QCVN 07-4:2023/BXD |
URBAN TRANSPORTATION WORKS |
QCVN 07-5:2023/BXD |
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY WORKS |
QCVN 07-6:2023/BXD |
PETROLEUM AND GAS SUPPLY WORKS |
QCVN 07-7:2023/BXD |
LIGHTING WORKS |
QCVN 07-8:2023/BXD |
TELECOMMUNICATION WORKS |
QCVN 07-9:2023/BXD |
SOLID WASTE COLLECTION, TREATMENT WORKS AND PUBLIC TOILET |
QCVN 07-10:2023/BXD |
CEMETERY, CREMATORY AND FUNERAL HOME |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD
QCVN 07-1:2023/BXD, NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - WATER SUPPLY WORKS
QCVN 07-2:2023/BXD, NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - SEWERAGE, DRAINAGE WORKS
QCVN 07-3:2023/BXD, NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - TRENCH AND TUNNEL WORKS
QCVN 07-4:2023/BXD, NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - URBAN TRANSPORTATION WORKS
QCVN 07-5:2023/BXD, NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - ELECTRICITY SUPPLY WORKS
QCVN 07-6:2023/BXD, NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - PETROLEUM AND GAS SUPPLY WORKS
QCVN 07-7:2023/BXD, NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - LIGHTING WORKS
QCVN 07-8:2023/BXD, NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - TELECOMMUNICATION WORKS
QCVN 07-9:2023/BXD, NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE WORKS - SOLID WASTE COLLECTION, TREATMENT WORKS AND PUBLIC TOILET
QCVN 07-10:2023/BXD, NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - CEMETERY, CREMATORY AND FUNERAL HOME
Foreword
The QCVN 07:2023/BXD is compiled by Vietnam Association of Civil Engineering Environment with professional cooperation of Technical Infrastructure Agency, proposed by Technical Science and Environment Agency, appraised by Ministry of Science and Technology, and promulgated by the Ministry of Construction under Circular No. 15/2023/TT-BXD dated December 29, 2023.
The QCVN 07:2023/BXD replaces the QCVN 07:2016/BXD attached under Circular No. 01/2016/TT-BXD dated February 1, 2016 of the Minister of Construction.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - WATER SUPPLY WORKS
1.1 Scope
1.1.1 This Regulation prescribes technical requirements and mandatory management requirements in investment, construction, renovation, and upgrade of water supply works.
1.1.2 This Regulation applies to:
- Surface water, groundwater extraction works;
- Water treatment plants for water from water extraction works to clean water pump stations;
- Pipeline network and booster pump stations, auxiliary works on the network.
1.2 Regulated entities
This Regulation applies to all organizations and individuals engaging in operations related to investment, construction, renovation, and upgrade of water supply works.
1.3 Reference documents
Reference documents below are integral to the application of this Regulation. If reference documents are amended or replaced, the new versions shall prevail.
QCVN 01:2021/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Construction Planning;
QCVN 07-3:2023/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Technical Infrastructure System - Trench and Tunnel Works;
QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Industrial Wastewater;
QCVN 50:2013/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Hazardous Thresholds for Sludges from Water Treatment Process;
QCVN 08-MT:2023/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Surface Water Quality;
QCVN 09-MT:2023/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Groundwater Quality;
QCVN 01-1:2018/BYT, National Technical Regulation on Domestic Water Quality.
1.4 Definitions
In the Regulation, the terms below are construed as follows:
1.4.1
Water supply system
Refers to a combination of water extraction works, pump stations, treatment plants, water plants, storage tanks, water towers, pipeline networks, and auxiliary works that provides water of adequate quality, flow rate, and pressure for all users.
1.4.2
Water extraction works
Refer to works for receiving water from sources to tanks or wells for transportation to treatment plants. Where difference in water level is significant enough, floating or rail-mounted water extraction works are allowed.
1.4.3
Raw water pump station
Refers to works for pumping water from water extraction works to water treatment stations.
1.4.4
Water treatment station, water plant
Refer to a combination of works for treating water in a manner satisfactory to clean water quality.
1.4.5
Clean water tank
Refers to works for regulating water intake and outtake, water reservation for water treatment stations, water plants, and firefighting.
1.4.6
Clean water pump station
Refers to works for transporting clean water from clean water tanks to water supply network.
1.4.7
Water supply network
Refers to a network of pipelines carrying clean water from clean water pump stations to point of consumption and consists of tier I network, tier II network, tier III network, and related auxiliary works.
1.4.8
Raw water pipes
Refer to pipes carrying water from raw water pump stations to water treatment stations, water plants.
1.4.9
Looped water supply network
Refers to a water supply network where water is delivered from two directions and the pipes form a closed loop.
1.4.10
Tree-type water supply network
Refers to a water supply network where water is delivered from one direction and the pipes from a branching shape.
1.4.11
Tier I supply network (transmission network)
Refers to pipes carrying water to areas where water consumption takes place.
1.4.12
Tier II supply network (distribution network)
Refers to pipes regulating flow rate of tier I supply pipelines, ensuring safe operation of water supply system, and carrying water to users with great water consumption demand.
1.4.13
Tier III supply network (service network)
Refer to pipes carrying water from tier II pipelines and other water pipes to water users.
1.4.14
Subregional meter
Refers to an instrument for measuring amount of water intake and amount of water consumed in a subregion.
1.4.15
Regional meter
Refers to an instrument for measuring amount of water intake and amount of water consumed in a region.
1.4.16
Pressure relief valve
Refers to a valve for reducing pressure of tier II pipeline segments after the valve when pressure in pipeline segments before the valve reaches 30 m of water gauge or more.
1.4.17
Surge anticipation valve
Refers to a valve installed on booster pipes of pump stations and on pipeline network where pressure build-up may lead to water collision in order to relieve pressure in booster pipes.
1.4.18
Water tower
Refers to works for regulating water flow rate and pressure, accommodating firefighting when fire pumps have not been started, and reserving water for cleaning filter tanks.
1.4.19
Booster pump station
Refers to a pump station for providing sufficient flow rate and pressure for network after it or areas with varying elevations in order to reduce stress of main pump stations.
1.4.20
Inline booster pump
Refers to a pump installed onto pipeline to increase pressure of the network after the pump without necessitating a tank before it.
1.4.21
Drain-based water extraction works
Refer to works for extracting shallow groundwater via water collection system or horizontal drains to transmit water to collector wells.
1.4.22
Frequency converter
Refers to a device for changing frequency in order to adjust revolution per minute of pumps depending on flow rate and pressure on water supply network.
1.4.23
Lamella clarifier
Refers to a device consisting of plates with varying shapes used to generate layered flow in clarifiers in order to further improve characteristics of the clarifiers.
2.1.1 Investment in construction of water supply system must conform to planning approved by competent authority and ensure reasonable, safe, and sustainable use of water sources in climate change.
2.1.2 Structure and construction materials of water supply works must meet strength and integrity requirements throughout their useful life (design lifespan) under effect of natural conditions, surrounding environment, and other effects during operation. Chemicals, materials, and equipment in treatment, transportation, and storage of domestic water must not affect water quality and human health.
2.1.3 Clean water quality for domestic purposes must meet requirements under the QCVN 01-1:2018/BYT and local regulations.
2.1.4 Capacity of water supply system shall be calculated in order to accommodate days with peak water consumption in a year; domestic water calculation shall take into account daily water demand variation coefficient; water for road washing, plant watering, public structures, commercial and service purposes, special structures, industrial activities, runoff, and water used by water treatment stations, water plants shall conform to the QCVN 01:2021/BXD.
2.2.1 Raw water quality shall meet requirements under the QCVN 08-MT:2023/BTNMT and QCVN 09-MT:2023/BTNMT. This Regulation does not apply to other water sources such as water affected by saltwater intrusion. Where a water source does not meet requirements under the QCVN 08-MT:2023/BTNMT and QCVN 09-MT:2023/BTNMT and treatment solutions have been taken to achieve post-treatment water quality defined under 2.1.3, this water source is allowed for use.
2.2.2 Measures must be taken to ensure sanitary conditions of water sources; zoning measures must be taken to protect hygiene, prevent contamination by domestic wastewater, production wastewater, and other risks of contamination.
2.2.3 Water sources from which water is provided for water treatment stations and water plants must conform to planning relevant to the use of water sources and approved by competent authority, ensure water source safety and security, be capable of providing sufficient water for phases of water use planning, and be capable of meeting water demand during dry seasons.
2.3.1 Surface water extraction works
2.3.2.1 Surface water extraction works must:
- Have sufficient design capacity for all project phases;
- Be operated safely, stably, sustainably and without affecting hydrograph of water sources or waterway traffic;
- Take into account rising sea level and saltwater intrusion in coastal areas, lowering water level during dry seasons, and impacts of climate change.
2.3.1.2 In respect of location, surface water extraction works must:
- Be located upstream relative to water consumption areas according to approved planning. If direction of flow cannot be determined or changes from time to time or water sources suffer from saltwater intrusion, the collecting works shall be located at appropriate positions in order to ensure technical and economic norms;
- Be located in areas with good geology construction conditions where the works are protected from other hydrograph events, river banks and beds are stable, less prone to erosion and/or deposition and/or change in current, sufficient depth is always provided even when water level is at the lowest, and the works are maintained stable over long periods of time;
- Not be located downstream and close to hydroelectricity plants. Minimum separation distance is 1 000 m.
2.3.1.3 Construction of water extraction works must take into account sludge cleaning, drafting, dredging, and garbage removal capabilities.
2.3.1.4 Water intake:
- Water intake process must not create surface swirl; the highest point of intake must be at least 0,5 m away from the lowest water level;
- Water intake must not be installed within navigation channels or areas where weeds and algae grow.
2.3.2 Groundwater extraction wells
2.3.2.1 Groundwater extraction wells must meet technical regulations, have stable flow rate, quality, and water level decrease during extraction, and conform to groundwater extraction laws.
2.3.2.2 Quantity of primary wells shall be determined on the basis of extraction quantity, supply availability of aquifers and permissible decrease in water level; quantity of backup wells shall be determined on the basis of quantity of primary wells and level of water supply safety.
2.3.2.3 Gaps between casings, between casings and tubes shall be filled with clay or similar materials in order to prevent intrusion of surface water thereby contaminating the water sources.
2.3.2.4 Where a well is unused, the well must be sealed by watertight materials so as to prevent contamination of water sources. Where geological conditions are favorable, water extraction via filter drains buried underground is allowed.
2.4.1 General requirements
2.4.1.1 Pump stations must be designed in a manner that takes into account characteristics of each type of pump station and facilitates renovation and expansion according to planning.
2.4.1.2 Dimensions of pump stations must be able to accommodate primary pumps, backup pumps, pumps for washing filter tanks, blowers, control equipment, pipes, lifting equipment, and installation, repair work.
2.4.1.3 Underground sections of pump stations shall be built from watertight materials. Where walls of pump stations are located below groundwater level, a layer of watertight materials shall be applied to the bottom floor, the inside and outside of the walls of the pump stations.
2.4.1.4 Placement of suction pipes of pump stations
Suction pipes of pumps shall be inclined towards the pumps and designed in a way that gas buildup does not occur at any point in the suction pipes.
2.4.1.5 Placement of booster pipes
Each pump station shall consist of 2 general booster pipes of which 1 pipe is installed in advance for the next phase. Where a pump station with total capacity below 10 000 m3/d or multiple pump stations supply water in the same network, it is permissible to install just 1 booster pipe.
2.4.1.6 Machine compartment must contain lifting equipment. The type of lifting equipment shall be selected depending on weight of the largest pump group in the pump stations.
2.4.2 Well pump station
2.4.2.1 Minimum area of well pump station is 12 m2.
2.4.2.2 Roof of the stations shall be fitted with openings for pipe removal.
2.4.2.3 Where a station is built in an area prone to flood and/or inundation, elevation of the floor on which machine compartment is located shall be at least 0,5 m above the highest water level.
2.4.2.4 Well openings shall be at least 0,3 m above the floor.
2.4.2.5 Wells fitted with pumps shall be required as backup wells. Operation shall alternate between backup wells and well groups.
2.4.3 Raw water pump stations (for surface water extraction)
2.4.3.1 Design of raw water pump stations shall adhere to operating mode of water treatment stations and water plants.
2.4.3.2 Raw water pump stations shall transmit raw water to water treatment stations, water plants, including domestic water pumps and backup pumps. Where construction of collecting works and integrated pump stations takes place in phases, construction of collecting works and station facilities of two stages shall be built in the first phase whereas equipment shall be built in appropriate stage.
2.4.4 Clean water pump station
2.4.4.1 Pump stations shall ensure safe and stable operation regardless of design; be convenient for management, operation, maintenance, and repair; accommodate equipment serving management purposes; be fitted with ventilation and lighting systems; be fitted with machinery and equipment transport solutions; be fitted with gutters, water collector pits, and pumps to drain leakage.
2.4.4.2 Clean water pump stations may accommodate water pumps serving domestic purposes, production purposes, fire pumps, water blowers and air blowers.
2.4.4.3 Each pump group shall include backup pumps. If fire pumps and pumps serving domestic purposes are of the same type, backup pumps shall be selected for both pump groups.
2.4.4.4 Flow rate of pumps serving domestic purposes shall be sufficient to provide water for design areas in peak hours. Flow rate of fire pumps shall be sufficient to provide water for domestic purposes and firefighting during peak hours.
2.4.4.5 Pump pressure shall be determined on the basis that outlet pressure measured at the most disadvantaged position in peak hours and in case of fire during peak hours is 10 m.
2.4.4.6 Clean water pump stations of water supply stations and water plants of minimum capacity of 10 000 m3/d are required to be fitted with frequency converters. Control of frequency converters shall be automated depending on actual pressure on the network, water entering the network, and water level in tanks.
2.5 Water treatment plans, water plants
2.5.1 General requirements
2.5.1.1 Each structure shall contain a minimum of 2 units in order to ensure working conditions around the rock where each work of the station can be halted for cleaning and/or repair. Where a station‘s capacity is less than 3 000 m3/day and the station is allowed to be halted for specific hours for cleaning and/or repair, it is permissible to build a single unit.
2.5.1.2 Water treatment stations and water plants shall include water treatment system for removing sludges from clarifiers, cleaning clarifiers, or discharging into clarifiers while adhering to requirements under the QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT and other environmental protection requirements.
2.5.2 Water treatment technology
Treatment technology of surface water and groundwater shall be selected depending on compositions and characteristics of raw water, capacity of water treatment stations, water plants, clean water quality requirements serving domestic, production purposes, and other purposes as per the law in order to meet effective, efficient energy use requirements.
2.5.3 Intake chamber, aeration chamber
2.5.3.1 Raw water intake and distribution chambers must be able to facilitate full utilization of capacity according to approved projects.
2.5.3.2 Aeration chambers are required if reactors with suspended solid, clarifiers with suspended solid, contact filters are used.
2.5.4 Flocculation reactors
Water treatment technology that utilizes coagulation chemicals, mixing tanks and reactors shall be required. If water pipes are required from reactors to sedimentation tanks, water velocity in the pipes shall not exceed 0,3 m/s.
2.5.5 Clarifier
2.5.5.1 Preliminary clarifiers, preliminary sedimentation ponds
Preliminary clarifiers, preliminary sedimentation ponds shall be required where the highest particle density exceeds 1 000 mg/L. Where land area permits and the highest particle density is less than 1 000 mg/L, clarifiers capable of storing large quantities of water shall be built and provide water supply in case water sources are incapable of providing water. The minimum duration of water retention is 1 day; where land conditions permit a higher water retention period for the purpose of water supply in case water sources are incapable of providing water, sludge removal system for preliminary clarifiers and sludge dredging solutions for preliminary sedimentation ponds shall be required.
2.5.5.2 Particle density after clarifier
2.5.5.2.1 Particle density of surface water after clarifiers shall not exceed 20 mg/L.
2.5.5.2.2 In respect of groundwater treatment technology, where total particle density after aeration exceeds 20 mg/L, contact clarifiers shall incorporate sedimentation function. Contact clarifiers shall be designed on the basis that minimum duration of water retention in the tanks is 90 minutes without the use of coagulants. Where pH and alkalinity of water is high and effective sedimentation solutions are employed or where Lamella clarifiers are used, minimum duration of water retention is 60 minutes.
2.5.5.2.3 Clarifiers of all types shall be fitted with sludge removal system that utilizes hydrostatic pressure or pumps.
2.5.5.3 Dissolved gas flotation unit
2.5.5.3.1 Dissolved gas flotation unit is allowed as an alternative for clarifiers if suspended solid in water is insignificant in content, solid is fine in size, water has high color quality, water contains algae, or economic and technical conditions allow so.
2.5.5.3.2 A system for surface collection shall be required and designed in a way that quality of water transmitted to filters is not affected when the system is operating.
2.5.6 Filter
2.5.6.1 Rapid gravity filter
2.5.6.1.1 Rapid gravity filter shall be calculated in order to facilitate 2 working modes, a normal working mode and intensive working mode. Where number of filters in a station is at most 20, 1 filter shall be expected to be temporarily suspended for repair; where number of filters in a station exceeds 20, 2 filters shall be expected to be simultaneously and temporarily suspended for repair.
2.5.6.1.2 A system for cleaning sand filter of the tanks shall be design in a manner where system specification allows sand in all positions to be cleaned without losses.
2.5.6.1.3 Dimensions of pipes or gutters of filters shall be calculated so as to facilitate enhanced working mode.
2.5.6.2 Membrane filter
2.5.6.2.1 Membrane filtration technology is allowed for the purpose of treatment of surface water, groundwater, brackish water, desalination of seawater, and filtration of purified water.
2.5.6.2.2 Preliminary treatment solutions prior to membrane filtration shall be required to reduce stress, extend useful life of membrane filters; membrane filters shall be of decreasing size prior to reverse osmosis.
2.5.7 Iron and Manganese Removal
2.5.7.1 Contact materials shall be allowed inside of tanks to remove Manganese where contact materials do not harm human health and are allowed by inspecting bodies; Manganese removal via chemicals is also allowed.
2.5.7.2 Iron removal via simple aeration and filtration
Where total content of iron in water is less than 6 mg/L, content of Fe2+ accounts for at least 80%, water sources are not contaminated by NH4+, pH is greater than 7, and other conditions permit, simple aeration technology and filtration technology via water distribution system on top of filters or overflowing grates prior to the filters shall be allowed.
2.5.7.3 Aeration by aeration tubes
It is permissible to use aeration tubes for the purpose of Iron and Manganese removal as long as no structures obstruct and/or affect the wind.
2.5.7.4 Aeration by air blowers
2.5.7.4.1 Design of air blowers shall incorporate calculation of thickness of contact materials; contact materials that jam air blowers must not be used; system for cleaning contact materials shall be required.
2.5.7.4.2 Air blowers of appropriate capacity shall be selected to restrict the formation of Fe(OH)3 residue in the air blowers.
2.5.7.5 Arsenic removal from water
2.5.7.5.1 Filter materials and contact materials used for the purpose of Arsenic treatment shall not contain components that affect human health.
2.5.7.5.2 Filter materials and Arsenic adsorbents shall, upon being discarded, shall be managed and treated as hazardous wastes.
2.5.8 Sludge treatment
2.5.8.1 Sludge of water treatment stations shall be collected, dried, reused or transported to waste treatment facilities for treatment compliant with environmental hygiene and safety as per the law. Sludge treatment of water treatment process shall meet requirements under the QCVN 50:2013/BTNMT.
2.5.8.2 Sludge treatment technology shall be simple, effective and ensure that treated water is available for reuse; stations of minimum capacity of 5 000 m3/d shall be included in the first works of primary treatment sequence of water treatment stations, water plants.
2.5.9 Clean water tank
2.5.9.1 Volume of clean water tanks in treatment stations and water plants shall be sufficient to regulate water entering the tanks and working modes of clean water pump stations, water for 3 hours of firefighting in urban areas served by the tanks, water used by the water supply station and water plants. Minimum tank volume shall equal 20% of water plant's capacity. Where natural water is drafted for firefighting, water reservation for firefighting shall not be calculated for clean water tanks.
2.5.9.2 Tanks shall contain partitions to create circular current with retention duration greater than 30 minutes and with sufficient contact duration for sterilization (except for tanks serving urban areas if Chlorine is not added to the tanks).
2.5.10 Water sterilization
2.5.10.1 Chemicals selected for sterilization shall be highly effective, safe for human health, especially operators of sterilization system.
2.5.10.2 Chemical storage shall contain PPE, ventilation system, Chlorine leak detectors, Chlorine neutralizers or absorption systems that utilize chemicals in case of emergencies to ensure safety of operators, staff members of the stations, and the locals.
2.5.11 Other conditions
2.5.11.1 Internal roads of a water supply station or water plant shall have minimum width of 3,5 m, be capable of supporting load of a vehicle transporting the heaviest equipment in the station, and contain turning heads.
2.5.11.2 Power supply of water supply stations and water plants shall be top priority power supply; water supply stations and water plants of level 1 reliability shall be outfitted with backup generators. Backup generators shall have sufficient power to energize primary production works of water supply stations and water plants.
2.6.1 Transmission pipelines
2.6.1.1 Each of the pipelines carrying raw water from collecting works to water plants and pipelines carrying clean water from water plants to the beginning of distribution network shall consist of 2 pipes with connectors so that if either pipe is damaged, the system still manages to deliver 70% of calculated flow.
2.6.1.2 Materials of transmission pipes shall have mechanical, chemical strength, be resistant to stress and mechanical impact, and ensure that the pipes are not destroyed in all working conditions.
2.6.1.3 Markers of pipelines and safety corridors shall be required to avoid damage to the pipes in case of road expansion or construction of other works.
2.6.2 Water supply pipelines
2.6.2.1 Water supply network of new urban areas shall be placed in trench or tunnel works in accordance with the QCVN 07-3:2023/BXD.
2.6.2.2 Water supply pipe network of class III urban areas or higher shall be divided into 3 levels. Connection between pipes of end users and pipes of level I or level II network shall be prohibited. Users of minimum usage of 500 m3/d are allowed to be connected to level II network.
2.6.2.3 Water supply network shall be of a looped type. Branch type network is only allowed when:
- Manufacturing facilities are allowed to suspend operation for repair;
- Water supply network serves level V urban areas or residential areas when population is below 3 000 people;
- Construction phase dictates so prior to compete installment of looped network according to planning.
2.6.2.4 Minimum diameter of water supply network serving domestic purposes and outdoor firefighting in urban areas shall be 100 mm.
2.6.2.5 Pipe materials shall be able to resist pressure and mechanical force caused by vehicles of massive load, inner coatings shall have sufficient mechanical and chemical strength, shall not affect water quality, shall not affect human health, and shall be authorized by health authority. Where pipes are installed in corrosive ground or water, anti-corrosive measures must be applied to the pipes.
2.6.2.6 Pressurized gravity-flow pipes shall be outfitted with energy absorption devices or other protective devices so that the pipes operate within permissible pressure limit.
2.6.2.7 Inspection shafts shall be required for non-pressurized gravity-flow pipes. Where the terrain is excessively steep, backdrop manholes shall be required to reduce water velocity.
2.6.2.8 Depth of underground pipe installation shall be determined by load applied at the top of the pipe, pipe strength, ambient temperature, and other conditions and shall not be less than 0,7 m from ground level where pipe diameter is less than or equal to 300 mm or not be less than 1 m from ground level where pipe diameter is greater than 300 mm. Pipe segments installed in poor soil conditions shall be braced by supporting elements to prevent displacement and damage to connectors.
NOTE: Minimum depth of underground pipe installation may be reduced by 0,3 m if the pipes are installed below sidewalks or technical measures are taken to protect the pipes.
2.6.2.9 Following installation of each section of the network, pressure test shall be conducted to examine airtightness of pipes and connectors where test pressure equals 1,5 times the working pressure of the pipes. Pressure test procedures shall adhere to national standards on pressure test for water supply pipes following installation.
2.6.3 Equipment serving safe water supply
2.6.3.1 Relief valves and air intake valves shall be outfitted at the highest points of water supply network.
2.6.3.2 Bottom discharge valves shall be outfitted at the lowest points in each section of the network.
2.6.3.3 Calculation of hydraulic shock shall be required and where necessary, surge anticipation valves shall be outfitted to pump stations and water supply network.
2.6.3.4 Monitoring devices shall be installed in water treatment stations to monitor water quality and on transmission, distribution pipes to monitor murkiness and residual Chlorine where minimum capacity is 10 000 m3/d.
2.6.4 Network zoning
2.6.4.1 Water supply network of class III urban areas and higher shall be zoned to reduce water loss and outfitted with zone and sub-zone meters.
2.6.4.2 Each sub-zone meter shall not serve more than 5 000 users or 8 000 users in case of special urban areas and class I urban areas; each zone meter shall consist of at least 3 sub-zones.
2.6.5 Pipes crossing rivers, expressways, railways
2.6.5.1 Inverted siphon pipe for water crossing:
- The minimum number of siphons for water crossing shall be 2; siphon materials shall be ductile, resistant to pressure and mechanical force;
- Depth measured from river bed to the top of the siphons, when determined in accordance with erosion of river basins and the greatest load of anchoring vessels on the water shall not damage the siphons. Siphon bedding materials shall be gravels and chippings with dimensions ranging from 20 mm to 40 mm; minimum bedding depth shall be 0,5 m; anchorage shall be required to prevent flotation;
- Inspection shafts on both sides of rivers and warning signs for watercrafts traversing the rivers shall be required.
2.6.5.2 Pipes crossing expressways and railways shall be placed in casings; inspection shafts, valves, and expansion connectors shall be required on both sides of pipe crossing.
2.6.6 Pressure test, cleaning, disinfection of pipelines
2.6.6.1 Installed pipelines shall undergo pressure test according to technical standards. Water supply network shall, prior to use, shall be cleaned with clean water.
2.6.6.2 Following cleaning with clean water, the network shall be disinfected and then cleaned until the content of residual Chlorine in water does not exceed 1,0 mg/L.
2.6.7 Water meter
2.6.7.1 Pipes carrying water to location of use shall be outfitted with water meters; valves shall be outfitted before the meters and the opening, closing of which shall only be implemented by water network authority.
2.6.7.2 Water meters shall be outfitted at clean water pump stations, connection between water supply stations, and at the beginning of pipes of level II and level III network.
2.6.7.3 Water users shall be equipped with water meters. Meters of household shall have a maximum diameter of 15 mm and minimum accuracy level of B; in case of villas with swimming pools, meters of a diameter of 20 mm shall be allowed; Users with minimum water usage of 10 m3/d shall choose meters depending on calculation and water meters shall be inspected in accordance with metrology laws.
2.7.1 Water supply works and work items shall be periodically maintained and/or replaced in order to perform design functionalities.
2.7.2 Duration of water cut in a year for pipeline and equipment repair, maintenance, replacement shall not exceed 36 hours (except for bursting of transmission pipes).
2.7.3 Duration of water cut for pipe cleaning of each region in a network shall not exceed 8 hours.
3.1 Transition clauses
3.1.1 Investment projects approved prior to the effective period of this Regulation shall adhere to regulations applicable as of the date on which said projects are approved; individuals deciding on investment reserve the right to apply this Regulation.
3.1.2 Investment construction projects that are approved from the effective date hereof shall conform to this Regulation.
3.2 Local construction authorities are responsible for inspecting compliance with this Regulation in production, appraisal, approval, and management of building design and construction.
3.3 Ministry of Construction is responsible for publicizing and providing guidelines on application of this Regulation for relevant entities. Difficulties that arise during implementation of this Regulation shall be submitted to the Technical Infrastructure Department, Ministry of Construction.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - SEWERAGE, DRAINAGE WORKS
1.1 Scope
This Regulation prescribes technical requirements and mandatory management requirements in investment, construction, renovation, and upgrade of sewerage and drainage works.
1.2 Regulated entities
This Regulation applies to organizations and individuals relevant to investment, construction, renovation, and upgrade of rainwater, wastewater drainage works and wastewater treatment works.
1.3 Reference documents
Reference documents below are necessary for the application of this Regulation. If reference documents are amended or replaced, the new versions shall prevail.
QCVN 01:2021/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Construction Planning;
QCVN 05:2023/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality;
QCVN 50:2013/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Hazardous Thresholds for Sludges from Water Treatment Process.
1.4 Definitions
In the Regulation, the terms below are construed as follows:
1.4.1
Wastewater
Refers to water with properties and characteristics altered by usage or human activities and released into water drainage system or the environment.
1.4.2
Domestic wastewater
Refers to wastewater produced by human activities such as: eating, drinking, cleaning, washing, personal hygiene, and similar activities.
1.4.3
Urban wastewater
Refers to wastewater created by various sources in urban areas.
1.4.4
Drainage basin
Refers a specific location where rainwater and/or wastewater is collected to drainage system and transported to wastewater treatment plants or released into receiving waters.
1.4.5
Drainage system
Refers to drainage network (pipes, sewers, channels, canals, detention basins, etc.), drainage pump stations of rainwater and wastewater, wastewater treatment works, and other auxiliary works serving collection, transmission, drainage of rainwater, wastewater, flood prevention, and wastewater treatment. Drainage system shall be divided into levels below:
- Combined drainage system where wastewater and rainwater are collected in the same system;
- Separate drainage system where wastewater drainage system is separate from rainwater drainage system;
- Semi-separate drainage system where combined drainage system is outfitted with combined sewers for separating and transmitting wastewater to treatment plants.
1.4.6
Rainwater drainage system
Refers to the network of sewers, channels, canals for collection and transmission, detention basins, rainwater pump stations, inlets, storm drains and intake shafts, outlets, and other auxiliary works serving rainwater collection and drainage.
1.4.7
Wastewater drainage system
Refers to a network of sewers and pipes for wastewater collection and transmission, wastewater pump stations, wastewater treatment plants, outlets; diversion chambers and combined sewers (if any) and other auxiliary works serving wastewater collection, drainage, and treatment.
1.4.8
Combined sewer
Refers to sewer that collects and transports wastewater in absence of rainwater and parts of rainwater mixed with wastewater in combined drainage system from difference basins to pump stations and wastewater treatment plants.
1.4.9
Drainage network
- Level 1 sewers are primary sewers for collecting and carrying water from drainage basins to wastewater treatment plants or releasing into receiving waters;
- Level 2 sewers are sewers for receiving and carrying water from level 3 sewers to level 1 sewers;
- Level 3 sewers are sewers for collecting and carrying rainwater and wastewater from households to level 2 or level 1 sewers.
1.4.10
Receiving waters of wastewater
Refers to regular or periodic moving waters such as rivers, streams, channels, lakes, lagoons, ocean, and aquifers.
1.4.11
Detention basins
Refers to natural or artificial bodies of water capable of receiving rainwater and regulating drainage of water drainage system.
1.4.12
Greywater
Refers to water that meets quality requirements and satisfies environmental regulations and/or standards prior to being released into receiving waters. For example, cooling water in heat exchangers which is only heated up within permissible temperature parameters and is not contaminated by pollutants.
1.4.13
Reclaimed water
Refers to wastewater that has been treated to a certain extent and suitable for use in various purposes.
1.4.14
Sludge
Refers to organic or inorganic slurry dredged and collected from septic tanks, drainage network, detention basins, drainage pump stations, and wastewater treatment plants.
1.4.15
Drainage system connection
Refers to connection of drainage sewers of households to drainage system.
1.4.16
Aerobic treatment of wastewater
Refers to wastewater treatment process that utilizes microorganisms in the presence of oxygen.
1.4.17
Anaerobic treatment of wastewater
Refers to wastewater treatment process that utilizes microorganisms in the absence of oxygen.
1.4.18
Semi-aerobic treatment of wastewater
Refers to wastewater treatment process that utilizes microorganisms where the content of dissolved oxygen in water is less than 0,5 mg/L.
1.4.19
Gravity drainage
Refers to a drainage mechanism that relies on gravity.
1.4.20
Mechanical or pressure drainage
Refers to a drainage mechanism that relies on pumps and pressurized pipelines.
1.4.21
Municipal wastewater treatment station, plant
Refers to facilities that are tasked with the treatment of wastewater of a basin, basins or the entirety of wastewater of urban areas to meet environmental regulations prior to releasing into receiving waters.
1.4.22
Mechanical treatment of wastewater
Refers to a wastewater treatment process that utilizes mechanical processes in works and equipment such as: garbage grates, mesh, sand settling tanks, clarifiers, grease separators, filters, etc. to remove large impurities or non-soluble solids from wastewater.
1.4.23
Biological and biochemical treatment of wastewater
Refers to a wastewater treatment process that utilizes microorganisms to decompose contaminants and/or filth.
1.4.24
Chemical treatment of wastewater
Refers to a wastewater treatment process that utilizes chemicals. Filth shall react with chemicals, solidify and sink to the bottom or form non-toxic soluble or volatile gas and then be separated from water. Examples of chemical treatment are coagulation, flocculation, neutralization, oxidation.
1.4.25
Physicochemical treatment of wastewater
Refers to a wastewater treatment process that utilizes physiochemical factors such as: flotation, adsorption, absorption, extraction, distillation, etc.
1.4.26
Onsite wastewater treatment works
Refers to treatment works located at households, grounds of apartment buildings, offices, service and mercantile buildings, and other structures.
2.1 General requirements
2.1.1 Investment and construction of drainage works shall conform to planning approved by competent authority and take into account the impact of climate change and rising sea level. Separate drainage system shall be required for new urban complexes and urban areas.
2.1.2 Pipelines, inspection shafts, and auxiliary works on drainage network shall meet technical requirements below:
- They have rigid and strong structure to withstand the effect of wastewater and the environment;
- They are capable of carrying wastewater and rainwater regularly with minimum pressure loss;
- Appropriate technical measures are taken to prevent leak and groundwater infiltration;
- Materials of pipes, inspection shafts, and auxiliary works on drainage network shall have sufficient strength and resistance against the environment.
2.1.3 Detention basin
2.1.3.1 Detention basins shall be built in accordance with approved planning.
2.1.3.2 Where combined drainage system is regulated by detention basin, rainwater shall, prior to entering detention basins, go through combined sewer overflows. Water storage and regulation in detention basins shall be tasked with regulating rainwater.
2.1.3.3 Appropriate ration between area of detention basins over total area of drainage basins and depth shall be required to prevent flooding and inundation. Examination and collection of meteorology and hydrology parameters, determination of calculated flow shall be done in accordance with sewer spill frequency and compliance with regulations on detention basins under QCVN 01:2021/BXD.
2.1.3.4 Where rain intensity and flow rate exceed calculated value in regard to selected sewer spill frequency, appropriate measures for limiting, reducing inundation and moving towards sustainable drainage model shall be required.
2.1.4 Connectors for wastewater shall be required to connect household drainage to drainage network. Connectors shall be easily accessibly at all time and facilitate inspection, dredging, clearing, and repair.
2.2 Drainage network
2.2.1 Flow rate of rainwater and wastewater shall be determined in accordance with QCVN 01:2021/BXD.
2.2.2 Minimum diameter of rainwater drainage pipes, sewers, combined sewers in dwelling units shall be 300 mm; in the streets shall be 400 mm. Minimum diameter of wastewater drainage pipes and sewers in residential units shall be 150 mm; in the streets shall be 200 mm.
2.2.3 Flow velocity
2.2.3.1 Minimum flow velocity in a drainage network shall be sufficient to avoid sedimentation.
2.2.3.2 Minimum flow velocity in compressed sludge pressure pipes (fresh sludge, decomposed sludge, activated sludge, etc.) shall be sufficient to avoid sedimentation.
2.2.3.3 Maximum flow velocity in gutters of rainwater and production greywater allowed to be released into receiving waters shall be sufficient to avoid failure, damage, and erosion of gutters depending on gutter materials or type of gutter reinforcement.
2.2.4 Minimum slope
2.2.4.1 Minimum slope of sewers shall be selected on the basis of minimum flow velocity intended for each type of sewers and sewer dimensions.
2.2.4.2 Minimum slope of street gutters shall be 0,3 %.
2.2.5 Fullness of drainage pipes shall guarantee minimum space for ventilation and reserve for situations where wastewater level exceeds the design threshold.
2.2.6 Minimum installation depth (from the top of the pipes) shall be:
- In case of areas not occupied by motor vehicles: 0,3 m;
- In case of areas occupied by motor vehicles: 0,5 m for pipes of all diameter from street elevation. Where installation depth is less than 0,5 m, pipe protective measures shall be required.
2.2.7 Where pipes and drainage works travel through soil with poor conditions, appropriate technical measures shall be taken to ensure that the pipes and works are stable and not prone to depression, deformation.
2.2.8 Connectors of pipes and socket sewers shall be in form of rubber washers whereas connectors of smooth pipes shall be in form of belts. Such forms of connection are only applicable to sewers whose diameter is equal to or smaller than 300 mm. Connection of pipes and sewers of PVC, uPVC, HDPE, and other materials shall conform to manufacturers’ instructions.
2.2.9 Storm drain
2.2.9.1 Storm drains shall be situated along streets and squares to drain all storm water.
2.2.9.2 Rainfall frequency shall be calculated in accordance with QCVN 01:2021/BXD.
2.2.9.3 Pipes connecting inspection shafts and storm drains shall not exceed 40 m in length. diameter of the connecting pipes shall be determined depending on area of rainwater collection in dwelling units and shall not be less than 300 mm.
2.2.9.4 Storm drains shall contain sedimentation basins with minimum depth of 0,3 m and inlets shall be outfitted with garbage grates.
2.2.9.5 In respect of combined drainage system in dwelling units, storm drains shall be outfitted in a way that prevents odor and allow uninterrupted flow.
2.2.9.6 In respect of rainwater drainage network where difference in height between grade plane of pipes is equal to or less than 0,5 m, pipe diameter is less than 1 500 mm and flow velocity does not exceed 4 m/s, connection in form of inspection shafts shall be allowed. Where height difference in grade plane is greater than 0,5 m, backdrop manholes shall be required.
2.2.10 Inspection shaft
2.2.10.1 In respect of wastewater drainage network, inspection shafts shall be located:
- Where different pipelines are connected;
- Where sewers change direction, slope, or diameter;
- Spaces between inspection shafts along straight pipe segments shall facilitate convenient operation and vary depending on pipe dimensions and installation methods;
- Inspection shafts that are connected to pipes of a minimum diameter of 700 mm may have working platforms installed to one side of the drain. The platforms shall not be les than 1 000 mm away from the opposite wall. Where inspection shafts contain sewers of a minimum diameter of 2 000 m, working platforms may be supported by outrigger beams; dimension of clear section of the drain shall not be less than (2 000 x 2 000) mm.
2.2.10.2 Dimensions of inspection shafts:
- Where a sewer's diameter is equal to or less than 800 mm, circular inspection shafts have diameter of 1 000 mm whereas square inspection shafts have dimensions of (1 000 x 1 000) mm;
- Where sewer’s diameter is greater than 800 mm, inspection shafts shall be 1 200 mm in length and 500 mm greater than pipe diameter in width;
- Shaft openings shall be circular in shape where the smallest inner diameter is 600 mm; shaft openings of square or rectangular in shape shall only be used in special circumstances;
- Where shafts facilitate working platforms, height of working platforms of the shafts (from working platforms to supporting structures) shall not be less than 1,8 m.
2.2.10.3 Ladders for traversal of the shaft shall be required for maintenance purposes where depth of inspection shafts exceeds 1,2 m.
2.2.10.4 In respect of areas where construction has complete, shaft opening shall be located at street elevation. In respect of areas where trees are planted, shaft opening shall be at least 100 mm above ground elevation; in respect of areas where construction is not implemented, shaft opening shall be at least 200 mm above ground elevation. Inspection shafts of rainwater drainage system shall share a similar structure to those of wastewater. The bottom of inspection shafts of rainwater drainage system shall include sedimentation basins. Sedimentation basins shall be 0,3 m to 0,5 m in depth.
2.2.10.5 Anti-damp solutions shall be applied to shaft walls and floor appropriately. Where bricks are used as shaft construction materials, anti-damp layers shall be 0,5 m higher than groundwater level.
2.2.10.6 Cover of inspection shafts and backdrop manholes shall be made of materials and structures that are capable of withstanding loads in a similar fashion as roads or sidewalks.
2.2.11 Backdrop manholes and other wells
Backdrop manholes, rainwater collection wells, cleaning shafts, inspection shafts, wastewater outlets, rainwater outlets, and combined sewer overflows shall conform to technical requirements of selected and applied technical standards.
2.2.12 Inverted siphon pipes for water crossing
As a general principle, water crossing is not implemented. Inverted siphon pipes shall only be used where necessary, such as when crossing rivers of great depth. If this is the case:
- A minimum of two siphons shall be installed for maintenance purposes where one pipe is congested;
- Horizontal pipes shall slope in the direction of the flow beneath them;
- Flow velocity of horizontal pipe segments shall be 20 % ÷ 30 % greater than that of upstream pipes to prevent sedimentation;
- Inspection shafts shall be located before and after these pipe segments. Inspection shafts before the inverted siphons shall include sedimentation basins.
2.2.13 Wastewater and rainwater outlets, combined sewer overflows
2.2.13.1 Treated wastewater outlets discharging into receiving waters:
- Positioning of sewers and wastewater outlets shall be selected so that discharged wastewater combines with receiving waters, does not cause bank erosion, and does not affect scenery, environment, nearby structures, and waterway traffic in the area;
- Structure of sewers and outlets shall facilitate the most effective mixing of treated water and receiving waters. Outlets shall not affect operation of nearby watercrafts, geological and hydrographic conditions of receiving waters;
- Where treated wastewater is discharged into lakes, the outlets shall be at least 0,2 m below the lowest water level of the lakes.
2.2.13.2 Rainwater sewers and outlets can be:
- An open type where embankment is not implemented;
- A closed type where embankment is implemented.
NOTE: Where water level of receiving waters is higher than that of sewers, backflow prevention devices shall be installed in outlets.
2.2.13.3 Combined sewer overflows of combined drainage system shall include sewer regulators. Dimension and design of sewer regulators shall depend on flow rate of discharged water and water level in sewers, receiving waters.
2.2.13.4 Gas extraction in water drainage network
Wastewater drainage network shall be outfitted with gas extraction solutions.
2.2.14 Wastewater pump stations and tanks
Schedule 1 - Pump station reliability
Reliability level |
Operational characteristics of pump station |
Level I |
Suspension or reduction of capacity is not allowed |
Level II |
Wastewater pumps are allowed to be suspended for up to 6 hours |
Level III |
Wastewater pumps are allowed to be suspended for up to 1 day |
2.2.14.1 Depending on level of reliability, positions, and functions, wastewater and sludge pump stations shall be classified in accordance with Schedule 1.
2.2.14.2 Gate valves shall be installed on pipes carrying wastewater to pump stations.
2.2.14.3 The minimum number of pressure pipes in level I pump stations shall be 2. Where emergency occurs and results in the suspension of one pipe, the other pipe shall be able to work at 100% calculated capacity. In this situation, backup pumps shall be used.
2.2.14.4 It is permissible to install one pressure pipe in level II and level III pump stations. Each pump must have a separate suction pipe.
2.2.14.5 In respect of sludge pump stations, solutions for cleaning suctions and booster pipes shall be required.
2.2.14.6 Water intake chambers shall be outfitted with garbage grate. Solutions for preventing sedimentation in water intake chambers shall be required.
2.2.14.7 Water intake chambers shall be designed in a way that they prevent wastewater from seeping into the ground; solutions for preventing corrosion of structures and equipment shall be required.
2.2.14.8 Solutions for ventilation and ensuring safety for tank, pump station operators shall be required.
2.2.14.9 In respect of high capacity pumps, installation of overhead lifting equipment shall be taken into consideration for the purpose of installing the pumps.
2.2.15 Construction of underground drainage pipes carrying wastewater to wastewater treatment stations and treatment plants utilizing pipe jacking method shall conform to separate regulations.
2.3 Wastewater treatment works
2.3.1 Wastewater treatment stations, treatment plants
Equipment for collecting odor and deodorizing or solutions for preventing odor and emission from escaping to the environment shall be required and compliant with QCVN 05:2023/BTNMT.
2.3.2 Unit work items in wastewater treatment stations, treatment plants
2.3.2.1 Garbage grates shall be installed in all wastewater treatment stations regardless of treatment capacity.
2.3.2.2 Clarifiers shall be installed in all wastewater treatment stations where sand and/or gravel is introduced.
2.3.2.3 Grease collectors shall be required where grease content exceeds 100 mg/L.
2.3.2.4 Detention basins shall be required to control flow rate and content of contaminants in wastewater. Basin volume shall be determined by graphs illustrating flow rates and graphs illustrating changes to contaminant contents in wastewater. Where data is not available, data of other active similar stations and plants shall be used as reference.
2.3.2.5 Preliminary clarifiers are not required not be installed in wastewater treatment stations and treatment plants where content of suspended matters of input wastewater is less than 150 mg/L.
2.3.2.6 Above-ground wastewater treatment works such as constructed wetlands may be located in areas with sufficient hydrogeology conditions (particle compositions, elevation of bottom of the works which must be at least 0,5 m above ground water level) and must meet local hygiene requirements. In other situations, appropriate technical solutions shall be required. Construction and operation of gravel filter and filter trenches shall adhere to relevant regulations.
2.3.2.7 Biological wastewater treatment works that utilize attached growth methods such as biological filtration tanks or suspended growth of activated carbon such as aerotanks, CAS, MBBR, SBR, AO, A2O, etc. may be used as secondary or tertiary wastewater treatment.
2.3.2.8 Construction and operation of works for biological treatment of wastewater shall depend on components, characteristics, and capacity of wastewater. Contents of toxic substances in wastewater shall be below the permissible threshold so as to ensure normal operation of microorganisms in biological treatment works.
2.3.2.9 Secondary clarifiers shall be installed in wastewater treatment stations and treatment plants after biological or chemical treatment process. Where SBR technology is used, secondary clarifiers shall be incorporated in the same structure.
2.3.2.10 Disinfectant equipment and works shall be installed in wastewater treatment stations.
2.3.2.11 Sludge gravity thickeners shall be located in wastewater treatment stations and treatment plants that utilize sludge activated wastewater treatment (in CAS, MBBR, SBR, AO, A2O, etc.). Where capacity of wastewater treatment stations and treatment plants is below 1 000 m3/d, sludge gravity thickeners shall not be required depending on technical and economic comparison results.
2.3.2.12 Depending on use purpose of treated water and technical, economic conditions and where treated water meets specific requirements, it is permissible to use advance water treatment technologies.
2.3.2.13 Methane fermenters:
- Methane fermenters shall be considered as a solution for disposing biodegradable organic sediments of domestic and manufacturing wastewater. It is permissible to introduce grinded and biodegradable organic matters to methane fermenters (garbage collected by grates, and wastes of organic origin);
- Fire prevention and fire safety solutions for methane fermenters shall be required;
- Upon receiving materials and wastes of organic origin from outside of wastewater treatment plants, components, harmful substances, and size of grinded particles shall be carefully taken into consideration and pre-treated where needed so as to not affect treatment efficiency;
- Solutions for strengthening fermentation process shall be required so as to effectively utilize fermentation gas.
2.3.2.14 Sludge drying or separating works and equipment:
- Sludge drying surface shall not be located on natural soil; sludge liquid collecting pipes shall be required and installed in a way that sludge liquid does not seep into the ground;
- Drying process shall utilize mechanical equipment so as to negate natural phenomena (heavy rain, high humidity) or poor land conditions;
- Sludge incinerators may be used for total decontamination and reduction of sludge quantity as long as emission treatment is implemented in accordance with the Law on Environmental Protection;
- Dewatered or dried or incinerated sludge and ashes shall be controlled using appropriate solutions and reused effectively in a manner compliant with the QCVN 50:2013/BTNMT.
NOTE. In order to negate the effect of precipitation, drying grounds shall be outfitted with roofs.
2.3.2.15 Gas supply stations:
- Buildings of gas supply stations may be outfitted with air filters, pumps for technical water pump and aerotank drainage, activated sludge pumps, central control equipment, distribution equipment, transformers, common rooms, and other auxiliary equipment;
- Gas supply stations shall be outfitted with fire safety and prevention equipment in accordance with fire prevention and firefighting laws.
2.3.3 In respect of new residential areas, residential clusters, new development areas with low population density, it is necessary to adopt on-site or distributed (non-centralized) wastewater treatment works (such as gravel filters, filter trenches, constructed wetlands) on the basis of technical-economic advantages over centralized wastewater treatment.
2.4 Maintenance
2.4.1 Water drainage works and work items shall be periodically maintained and/or replaced in order to perform design functionalities.
2.4.2 Construction and operation of water drainage network and wastewater treatment network shall adhere to occupational safety and fire safety laws; employees constructing and operating water drainage network and wastewater treatment network shall be adequately equipped with PPE.
3.1 Transition clauses
3.1.1 Investment projects approved prior to the effective period of this Regulation shall adhere to regulations applicable as of the date on which said projects are approved; individuals deciding on investment reserve the right to apply this Regulation.
3.1.2 Investment construction projects that are approved from the effective date hereof shall conform to this Regulation.
3.2 Local construction authorities are responsible for inspecting compliance with this Regulation in production, appraisal, approval, and management of building design and construction.
3.3 Ministry of Construction is responsible for publicizing and providing guidelines on application of this Regulation for relevant entities. Difficulties that arise during implementation of this Regulation shall be submitted to the Technical Infrastructure Department, Ministry of Construction.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - TRENCH AND TUNNEL WORKS
1.1 Scope
This Regulation prescribes technical requirements and mandatory management requirements in investment, construction, renovation, and upgrade of trench and tunnel works.
1.2 Regulated entities
This Regulation applies to organizations and individuals relevant to investment in construction, renovation, and operation of trench and tunnel works.
1.3 Reference documents
Reference documents below are necessary for the application of this Regulation. If reference documents are amended or replaced, the new versions shall prevail.
QCVN 01:2021/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Construction Planning;
QCVN 02:2022/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Physical Natural and Climatic data for Construction;
QCVN 33:2019/BTTTT, National Technical Regulation on Installation of outside telecommunication cable network;
QCVN 01:2020/BCT, National technical regulation on Electric safety.
1.4 Definitions
In the Regulation, the terms below are construed as follows:
1.4.1
Trench
Refers to an underground line works with small dimensions for installations of cables, wires, and ducts.
1.4.2
Manhole
Refers to a vertical underground work within trench system for installation and connection of wires, telecommunication cables, electric cables, public lighting cables, water supply pipes, energy supply pipes (if any) and backup supply pipes.
1.4.3
Tunnel
Refers to an underground line works with sufficiently large dimensions to allow humans to perform installation, repair, and maintenance of equipment and pipelines.
1.4.4
Technical connection
Refers to connection between wires, cables, underground pipes, trenches, and tunnels.
1.4.5
Underground wires, cables, pipelines
Refers to water supply pipes, energy supply pipes, water drainage pipes, electric wires, communication wires constructed underground.
1.4.6
Emergency exit
Refers to works that allow employees to exit from tunnels to ground level in case of emergencies.
1.4.7
Refuge chamber
Refers to a part of tunnel that is outfitted with independent ventilation system and serves as temporary refuge for employees in case of emergencies.
1.4.8
Control station
Refers to works built for installation of control system and control of operation of technical equipment in tunnels.
2.1 General requirements
2.1.1 Trench and tunnel works shall adhere to construction planning, urban planning, and specialized planning approved by a competent authority.
2.1.2 Design and construction of trench and tunnel works shall take into account effects of natural conditions, useful life, climate change, and rising sea level. Including:
- Load-bearing capability of construction elements;
- Terrain, hydrographic geology conditions, and rising sea level of local area;
- No impact on adjacent structures and other works which the trench and tunnel works intersect with;
- Advanced construction technologies (if any);
- Convenience and effectiveness in construction and operation.
2.1.3 Materials and design of trench and tunnel works shall meet requirements regarding strength, fire safety, antidamping, and stability during useful life while under the effect of load and natural conditions, and technical requirements under selected and applied regulations.
2.1.4 Dimensions of trench and tunnel works shall meet design functionalities, safety, and convenience in operation and reserve for future growth.
2.1.5 Depth and position of trench and tunnel works shall rely on technological, terrain, geographic, and hydrographic geological conditions. It is also necessary to take into account depth of technical infrastructure network and other works which the trench, tunnel works intersect as well as construction methods and load applied.
2.1.6 Connection between underground technical infrastructures and other underground works shall ensure safety and convenience in operation and ensure that connecting elements meet technical requirements.
2.1.7 Fire safety, water drainage, lighting, and ventilation systems in trench and tunnel works shall facilitate convenient construction, repair, and maintenance.
2.1.8 Technical solutions ensuring safety for trench and tunnel works shall be required in areas where mining activities take place and areas prone to depression.
2.1.9 Trench and tunnel works shall be kept clean and dry at all time.
2.1.10 Trench and tunnel works shall be marked on the ground.
2.1.11 Geotechnical - environmental monitoring, geological environment monitoring, trench and tunnel work monitoring, monitoring of connecting works of underground technical infrastructures, monitoring of adjacent works shall be implemented during construction and operation of tunnel works.
2.2 Trench
2.2.1 Structure of trench
2.2.1.1 Trench works consist of: manholes, brackets, and separate chambers (if any) for installation of wires, cables, pipes.
2.2.1.2 Dimensions and shapes of trenches shall meet demands (with 10% reservation) for installation of wires, cables, pipes of all types and sizes and separation distances between them in accordance with regulations applicable to specific type of pipes situated in trenches.
2.2.1.3 Depth of trenches shall be determined depending on:
- Load-bearing capability of construction elements;
- Terrain, hydrographic geology conditions, and rising sea level of local area;
- No impact on adjacent structures and other works which the trench and tunnel works intersect with;
- Advanced construction technologies (if any);
- Convenience and effectiveness in construction and operation.
2.2.1.4 Where trenches are situated below sidewalks and outside of carriageways, edges of trenches shall not be less than 1,0 m away from building walls.
2.2.1.5 Trench branches in residential areas may be located below carriageway. Horizontal distance between trenches and urban underground technical infrastructures outside of trench and tunnel works shall adhere to the QCVN 01:2021/BXD.
2.2.1.6 Layout of trenches in residential areas shall anticipate construction process in phases and expansion, repair thereof.
2.2.1.7 Depth measured from the top of trenches to the surface of sidewalks shall not be less than 0,3 m and to the surface of carriageways shall not be less than 0,7 m.
2.2.1.8 The bottom of trenches shall have minimum slope of 0,1% to facilitate drainage.
2.2.1.9 Manholes shall be located where trenches intersect, change direction, and travel on a straight line where manholes shall be situated at most every 100 m.
2.2.2 Wires, cables, and pipes in trenches
2.2.2.1 Trench may contain wires, telecommunication cables, electric cables, public lighting cables, water supply pipes, and energy supply pipes. Wires, cables, and pipes contained in trenches shall be marked as per applicable laws.
2.2.2.2 Arrangement and underground installation of wires, cables, and pipes shall be implemented on the following basis:
- Connection to general wires, cables, and pipes of urban areas must be guaranteed;
- Where wires, cables, and pipes are placed together in trenches to subscribers, regulations on common use of sewers and tanks in the area and other relevant professional regulations must be adhered to;
- Positioning of wires, cables, pipes and spacing thereof must be clearly defined so as to prevent interference and maintain safety throughout operation in a manner compliant with QCVN 01:2020/BCT, QCVN 33:2019/BTTTT, and relevant law provisions;
- Horizontal arrangement of wires, cables, and pipes must adhere to type-specific technical requirements, facilitate operation, maintenance, and ensure fire safety. Separation distance from pipes to the edge of trenches shall not be less than 0,05 m.
2.2.2.3 Wires, cables, and pipes in trenches shall be placed on brackets or separate channels. Supporting brackets of pipes and contact points between pipes and supporting pads shall meet strength, stability, safety, and convenience requirements in management and operation of the system.
2.2.2.4 Spacing, dimensions, and quantity of brackets of electric pipes and cables shall conform to design of each works and adhere to 2.2.1. Where electric wires and cables with varying voltages are placed on the same brackets, these wires and cable shall be physically separated or 0,05 m away from one another.
2.2.2.5 Wires, cables, pipes, connections in trenches shall meet mechanical, physical, chemical, electrical, anti-damping, anti-corrosive, and strength requirements.
2.2.2.6 Pipes, lining materials, coating materials, accessories, and parts of pipes must conform to use purposes and maximum operating pressure. Regulations of relevant industries shall be adhered to.
2.2.2.7 Anti-interference solutions shall be taken where communication wires are placed in the same trench as electric wires.
2.2.2.8 Minimum vertical clearance between beams supporting wires, cables, and pipes in trenches shall be:
- At least 0,15 m between the beams supporting communication lines; at least 0,2 m between beams supporting communication lines to overhead beams supporting electric lines;
- At least 0,15 m between beams supporting technical equipment lines to the top and bottom of the trenches;
- At least 0,2 m from water supply pipes or other technical system and beams supporting electric supply lines to the top and bottom of the trenches.
2.2.3 Manholes
2.2.3.1 Minimum clearance of manholes in trench system shall be sufficient to facilitate operation. Minimum length of manholes shall be 1,5 m where depth and width of manholes shall be at least 10% greater than depth and width of trenches.
2.2.3.2 Manholes shall be kept clear, dry, and convenient for access and operation.
2.2.3.3 Manhole cover shall:
- Be on the same elevation as finished surfaces of streets and sidewalks;‘
- Be at least 0,05 m higher than elevation of areas where trees are planted;
- Be at least 0,2 m higher than elevation of areas where no construction activities take place;
- Be able to withstand load under any circumstances;
- Be able to prevent solid matters from falling in the manholes.
2.2.3.4 Areas where water collection is positioned, a minimum of 2 submersible pumps shall be required (where one pump acts as primary pump and the other acts as backup pump).
2.2.3.5 Where gravity drainage system is used from manholes or water intake along pipes or channels, diameter of pipes or channels shall not be less than 0,2 m where minimum slope from manholes or water intake to combined drainage system shall be 0,5%.
2.3 Tunnel
2.3.1 Structure of tunnel
2.3.1.1 Tunnels consist of: specialized rooms, refuge chambers, control stations, entry doors, egress doors, water intake, structural elements for installation of lighting fixtures, drainage, ventilation, communication, signaling, security, automatic alarm equipment in case of emergencies.
2.3.1.2 Dimensions, shapes, and structures of tunnels shall be determined on the following basis:
- Facilitate demand for installation of wires, cables, and pipes of all types and sizes and separation distance between them and adhere to regulations applicable to specific type of wires, cables, and pipes in tunnels;
- Ensure safety, effectiveness, and convenience in operation, maintenance, and repair of wires, cables, and pipes in tunnels;
- Reservation for future expansion shall be made.
2.3.1.3 Minimum clear height of tunnels shall be 1,9 m; minimum clear width of tunnels shall be 1,6 m. Minimum clear width and height of walkway in tunnels shall be 0,8 m and 1,8 m respectively.
2.3.1.4 The bottom of tunnels shall have minimum longitudinal slope of 0,1% towards water intake. Tunnels shall be kept dry at all time.
2.3.1.5 Each refuge chamber in tunnels shall be outfitted with independent ventilation equipment. Length of each refuge chamber and positioning of refuge chamber shall be calculated on the basis of urban construction conditions, technical solutions, and general planning.
2.3.1.6 Doors shall be situated where tunnels intersect and at most every 500 m if tunnels travel in a straight line where minimum clear length shall be 1,5 m and minimum clear width shall be 1 m. Doors shall be accompanied by ladders leading to the tunnels.
2.3.1.7 Doors leading to and from tunnels shall be designed in a way that they can keep water out of tunnels with flood data based on historical data of meteorology, hydrology, hydrogeology, and rising sea level forecast.
2.3.1.8 Tunnels shall be outfitted with signs indicating direction and egress.
2.3.2 Wires, cables, pipes in tunnels
2.3.2.1 Arrangement of wires, cables, and pipes in tunnels shall adhere to design dossiers approved by competent authority.
2.3.2.2 Tunnels may contain telecommunication, electricity, public lighting wires and cables, water supply pipes, energy supply pipes, water drainage pipes (if any). Wires, cables, and pipes contained in tunnels shall be marked as per applicable laws.
2.3.2.3 Arrangement and installation of wires, cables, pipes in tunnels shall meet all requirements below:
- Safety for humans, installed structures, adjacent structures, and relevant infrastructure system must be guaranteed;
- Connection to general wires, cables, and pipes of urban areas must be guaranteed;
- Where wires, cables, and pipes are placed together in tunnels to subscribers, regulations on common use of sewers and tanks in the area and other relevant professional regulations must be adhered to;
- Positioning of wires, cables, pipes and horizontal spacing thereof must be clearly defined so as to prevent interference and maintain safety throughout operation in a manner compliant with QCVN 01:2020/BCT, QCVN 33:2019/BTTTT, and relevant law provisions. Minimum clearance from pipes to walls of tunnels shall be 0,05 m.
2.3.2.4 Wires, cables, and pipes in tunnels shall be placed on brackets or separate channels. Supporting brackets of pipes and contact points between pipes and supporting pads shall meet strength, stability, safety, and convenience requirements in management and operation of the system.
2.3.2.5 Spacing, dimensions, and quantity of brackets of electric pipes and cables shall conform to design of each works and adhere to 2.3.1. Where electric wires and cables with varying voltages are placed on the same brackets, these wires and cable shall be physically separated or 0,05 m away from one another.
2.3.2.6 Wires, cables, pipes, connections in tunnels shall meet mechanical, physical, chemical, electrical, anti-damping, anti-corrosive, and strength requirements.
2.3.2.7 Pipes, lining materials, coating materials, accessories, and parts of pipes must conform to use purposes and maximum operating pressure. Regulations of relevant industries shall be adhered to.
2.3.2.8 Anti-interference solutions shall be taken where communication wires are placed in the same tunnel as electric wires.
2.3.2.9 Minimum vertical clearance between beams supporting wires, cables, and pipes in tunnels shall be:
- At least 0,15 m between the beams supporting communication lines; at least 0,2 m between beams supporting communication lines to overhead beams supporting electric lines;
- At least 0,15 m between beams supporting technical equipment lines to the top and bottom of the trenches;
- At least 0,2 m from water supply pipes or other technical system and beams supporting electric supply lines to the top and bottom of the tunnels.
- At least 0,25 m between beams supporting electric supply lines of a voltage of up to 35 kV.
2.3.2.10 Minimum separation distance between optical cables and electric wires in tunnels shall adhere to regulations on separation distance under QCVN 01:2020/BCT, QCVN 33:2019/BTTTT.
2.3.2.11 Pipes made of combustible materials in tunnels shall be contained in separate compartments.
2.3.2.12 Gas pipes and pipes carrying combustible and flammable materials must not be placed in the same space as cables in tunnels.
2.3.3 Technical requirements of tunnels
2.3.3.1 Tunnels should be placed along road strips and main roads when possible; tunnels may be placed under sidewalks or carriageways.
2.3.3.2 Minimum horizontal clearance from tunnels to urban underground infrastructures shall adhere to QCVN 01:2021/BXD.
2.3.3.3 Depth measured from ground elevation to the top of tunnels shall be sufficient so as to withstand force imposed by adjacent structures and temporary load on the ground and shall not be less than 0,7 m under all circumstances. Where tunnels are deeper than foundation of buildings or foundation of adjacent technical network, technical solutions shall be taken to ensure safety for these structures.
2.3.3.4 Tunnels shall not intersect other line-type works (metro lines, railways, carriageways, tramways, etc.) at an angle lower than 60o. Separation distance between the intersection to equipment of aforementioned works shall maintain safety in operation.
2.3.3.5 Technical system: lighting, ventilation, water supply, water drainage, electricity supply, fire prevention and firefighting, egress, and operation control in tunnels shall meet safety requirements, not cause accidents during structure construction and operation, and adhere to selected and applied regulations.
2.3.3.6 Electricity of tunnels shall be provided by two separate sources in a manner complaint with QCVN 01:2020/BCT.
2.3.3.7 Other appliances (street lighting, advertising works, mercantile works, etc.) shall not be connected to electrical grid of tunnels.
2.3.3.8 Tunnels shall be outfitted with gravity-flow water collection system which direct water to water intakes at low positions in tunnels.
2.3.3.9 Where separate pump stations of tunnels are used or water is pumped from water intakes, a minimum of 2 submersible pumps (where one pump acts as primary pump whereas the other acts as backup pump).
2.3.3.10 Where gravity drainage system is used from water intake along pipes or channels, diameter of pipes or channels shall not be less than 0,2 m where minimum slope from water intakes to combined drainage system shall be 0,5%.
2.3.3.11 Protection from infiltration of saltwater, groundwater, and other liquid into tunnels shall be implemented; anti-corrosive measures for tunnels shall be required.
2.3.3.12 Technical solutions shall be implemented to ensure hygiene and safety for employees during construction and operation.
2.3.4 Construction elements
2.3.4.1 Design of tunnel elements shall take into account impact of load, natural factors according to QCVN 02:2022/BXD and interaction of the works and surrounding geological environment and adjacent works.
2.3.4.2 Solutions for sealing gaps on exterior of tunnels and tunnel walls in order to meet anti-damping requirements according selected and applied standards or approved design tasks.
2.3.4.3 Where tunnels are situated in areas prone to earthquakes, depression, or mining activities, additional solutions for improving stability, preventing depression, damping, and ensuring fire safety for tunnels and pipes therein shall be required.
2.3.4.4 Where tunnels cross submerged obstacles:
- Installation depth of submerged tunnel segments shall take into account specific conditions of each area and shall not be less than 0,5 m in all circumstances from design grade plane of the river bed to the top of the tunnels; or not be less than 1 m in navigation channels;
- Protective coatings on top of tunnels shall be reinforced and protected against corrosive effect of the flow;
- Connection between joints of tunnels shall be protected against dampness. Anti-damping materials used for joints shall be elastic and durable.
2.3.5 Ventilation
2.3.5.1 Ventilation of tunnels (whether artificial or natural) shall take into account climate change. Conditions regarding temperature and wind velocity in tunnels shall adhere to applicable occupational safety and hygiene laws. Spacing and dimensions of air outlets shall be calculated depending on cross-sectional area of tunnels, specific local conditions to ensure safety for repair and maintenance personnel in tunnels when ventilation equipment is turned on. Spacing between air outlets in all circumstances shall not exceed 150 m, cross-sectional area of air outlets shall not be less than 0,2 m. Solutions for maintaining safety, security and preventing infiltration of rainwater into tunnels shall be required.
2.3.5.2 System for monitoring and examining content of carbon monoxide (CO), toxic gas. combustible gas in areas where tunnels intersect underground gas pockets and gas pipes.
2.3.6 Warning signs
2.3.6.1 Equipment system for issuing warnings regarding operation of energy supply sources and contents of toxic gases in tunnels.
2.3.6.2 Automatic fire alarm system shall be required in tunnels.
2.3.6.3 Security or CCTV system shall be required in tunnels for the purpose of detecting trespassers in tunnels.
2.3.6.4 Warning information and signals shall be transmitted to control stations.
2.3.7 Fire safety
Tunnels shall meet fire safety requirements in accordance with fire prevention and firefighting laws and other relevant law provisions.
2.4 Maintenance
2.4.1 Trenches and tunnels shall be periodically maintained or replaced throughout operation so as to maintain design functionalities.
2.4.2 Trenches and tunnels shall be maintained in accordance with construction maintenance laws.
3.1 Transition clauses
3.1.1 Investment projects approved prior to the effective period of this Regulation shall adhere to regulations applicable as of the date on which said projects are approved; individuals deciding on investment reserve the right to apply this Regulation.
3.1.2 Investment construction projects that are approved from the effective date hereof shall conform to this Regulation.
3.2 Local construction authorities are responsible for inspecting compliance with this Regulation in production, appraisal, approval, and management of building design and construction.
3.3 Ministry of Construction is responsible for publicizing and providing guidelines on application of this Regulation for relevant entities. Difficulties that arise during implementation of this Regulation shall be submitted to the Technical Infrastructure Department, Ministry of Construction.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - URBAN TRANSPORTATION WORKS
1.1 Scope
This Regulation prescribes technical requirements and mandatory management requirements in investment, construction, renovation, and upgrade of urban transportation works.
This Regulation does not apply to transportation works such as municipal railway, sea ports, inland waterway ports, airports.
1.2 Regulated entities
This Regulation applies to organizations and individuals relevant to investment, construction, renovation, and upgrade of urban transportation works.
1.3 Reference documents
Reference documents below are necessary for the application of this Regulation. If reference documents are amended or replaced, the new versions shall prevail.
QCVN 01:2021/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Construction Planning;
QCVN 07-2:2023/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Technical Infrastructure System - Sewerage, Drainage Works;
QCVN 07-7:2023/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Technical Infrastructure System - Lighting Works;
QCVN 10:2014/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Construction for Accessibility for persons with disabilities.
1.4 Definitions
In the Regulation, the terms below are construed as follows:
1.4.1
Urban road
Refers to a road within an administrative division of a city, town, commune and is determined under urban planning approved by competent authority.
1.4.2
Square
Refers to an urban area with open space serving as an urban landscape and combination between architectural works and traffic system; is accessed by roads, pathways and surrounded by large-scale structures with varying functions.
1.4.3
Flow rate
Refers to the number of vehicles (or people) moving through a cross-section area of the road in a unit of time (hour or 24 hours).
1.4.4
Design vehicle flow rate
Refers to number of cars converted from number of other vehicles moving through a cross-section area of the road in a unit of time for a future year. The future year is the 20th year in respect of city-level roads, 15th year in respect of reconstructed roads and upgraded, renovated roads in an urban area, and from the 3rd year to the 5th year in respect of repaired roads and roads subject to traffic rearrangement.
1.4.5
Traffic capacity
Refers to the peak vehicle count moving through a cross-section (a lane, lanes) under specific road, traffic, and environment conditions.
1.4.6
Peak vehicle count
Refers to the peak vehicle count of a rush hour which is counted every 15-minute interval of the hour (vehicle flow rate of 15 minutes of a rush hour x 4).
1.4.7
Maximum capacity
Refers to traffic capacity determined under defined ideal conditions.
1.4.8
Possible capacity
Refers to traffic capacity determined under design prevailing conditions of roads. Possible capacity is determined by reducing maximum capacity based on popular correction factors and design parameters that do not reach ideal conditions.
1.4.9
Design speed
Refers to speed that is used to calculate geometry limitations of road in unfavorable conditions.
1.4.10
Public transportation
Refers to a transport system serving urban transportation via the use of public means of transport such as: buses, rapid buses, urban railway, etc.
1.4.11
Rapid bus
Refers to public transportation model that uses buses that have high transport capacity, high service speed, operate on separate lane, have modern and synchronized infrastructure system.
1.4.12
Urban transportation works
Consists of urban roads, overpasses, underpasses in cities; road warning systems; water drainage system; works serving public transportation, and other auxiliary works, equipment of urban roads.
2.1.1 Urban transportation works shall meet traffic safety requirements, fulfill travel demands appropriate to the selected service level, ensure equality for all traffic participants, and create diversity in choice of modes of transport.
2.1.2 Investment and construction of urban transportation works shall adhere to planning approved by competent authority and regulations on road traffic infrastructure management.
2.1.3 Urban transportation works shall maintain stability and integrity requirements, conform to natural conditions, and adapt to climate change and rising sea level.
2.1.4 Urban transportation works shall allow fire engines to access constructions and fire department connections.
2.1.5 Urban transportation works shall facilitate access by persons with disabilities in accordance with QCVN 10:2014/BXD.
2.2 Contour map, longitudinal section, cross section of urban roads
2.2.1 Contour map of urban roads
2.2.1.1 Minimum visibility depicted on contour map and longitudinal section of roads:
- Stopping sight distance is guaranteed under all circumstances;
- Structures and trees taller than 0,5 m shall not be allowed in areas where visibility is required;
- Visibility values in Schedule 1 may be reduced where urban roads are renovated or new roads are built on disadvantageous terrain and technical - economic basis is provided as long as speed limit signs and other measures for speed control are implemented.
Schedule 1 - Limit design parameters of contour maps and longitudinal section of roads
Factors |
Design speed, km/h |
||||||
100 |
80 |
60 |
50 |
40 |
30 |
20 |
|
1. Radius of horizontal curve 1), m |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
a) Limit minimum |
400 |
250 |
125 |
80 |
60 |
30 |
15 |
b) Regular minimum |
600 |
400 |
200 |
100 |
75 |
50 |
50 |
c) Non-superelevation minimum |
4 000 |
2 500 |
1 500 |
1 000 |
600 |
350 |
250 |
2. Stopping sight distance2), m |
150 |
100 |
75 |
55 |
40 |
30 |
20 |
3. Overtaking sight distance 3), m |
- |
550 |
350 |
275 |
200 |
150 |
100 |
4. Maximum longitudinal gradient 4), % |
4 |
5 |
6 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
5. Maximum superelevation rate 5),% |
8 |
8 |
7 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
6. Minimum length of change in grade line slope 6), m |
200 |
150 |
100 |
80 |
70 |
50 |
30 |
|
(150) |
(120) |
(60) |
(50) |
(40) |
(30) |
(20) |
7. Minimum radius of vertical curve 7), m |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
a) Summit type: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Regular |
10 000 |
4 500 |
2 000 |
1 200 |
700 |
400 |
200 |
- Limit |
6 500 |
3 000 |
1 400 |
800 |
450 |
250 |
100 |
b) Valley type: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Regular |
4 500 |
3 000 |
1 500 |
1 000 |
700 |
400 |
200 |
- Limit |
3 000 |
2 000 |
1 000 |
700 |
450 |
250 |
100 |
8. Minimum length of vertical curve, m |
85 |
70 |
50 |
40 |
35 |
25 |
20 |
1) Radius of horizontal curve under Schedule 1 only applies to curved road segments and does not apply to junctions. 2) Two-way sight distance equals twice the stopping sight distance. 3) Overtaking sight distance is not required in respect of expressways, roads with medians, and one-way roads. 4) Maximum longitudinal gradient in areas with disadvantageous terrain (mountainous regions) may be increased by 2 % in respect of regional roads, internal roads and by 1 % in respect of urban roads. 5) In respect of simple junctions, superelevation is not required or superelevation gradient may equal road gradient. 6) Where roads are renovated and/or upgraded, values contained in brackets shall apply. 7) Radius of horizontal curve and vertical curve dictate 2 values: limit radius refers to the minimum radius applied in areas with disadvantageous terrain; regular radius refers to minimum and recommended radius applied in areas with non-disadvantageous terrain. In all circumstances, the greater the radius the better. |
2.2.1.2 Curve radius on contour map
Limit minimum, regular minimum, and non-superelevation minimum radius of curves shall adhere to Schedule 1.
2.2.1.3 Turning radius for dead-end roads:
- Turning radius of turn-arounds shall be at least 10 m;
- Area of turning facilities other than turn arounds shall be at least 12 m x 12 m.
2.2.1.4 Turning radius of medians:
- All openings along medians shall be of sufficient dimensions to facilitate turn-around of vehicles;
- Where road width is insufficient for turning around, other measures must be taken to enable vehicles to safely turn around without affecting other vehicles on the road.
2.2.1.5 Transition curve:
- Where design speed of road is equal to or greater than 60 km/h, a transition curve shall be required between a straightaway and a curve;
- Where the curve includes superelevation, the transition curve may also act as transition for the superelevation segment. Where transition curve is not used, the superelevation transition shall be situated half on the straightaway and half on the curve.
2.2.1.6 In respect of expressways, urban arterial roads, urban collectors, and other roads with at least 4 lanes and medians, superelevation segment shall be outfitted with rainwater and runoff collection system at the medians and where water ponding occurs.
2.2.1.7 Verticality planning of urban roads (carriageways, medians, sidewalks); connection between verticality of urban roads and roadside functionalities shall be designed so as to fulfill rainwater drainage.
2.2.2 Longitudinal section of urban roads
2.2.2.1 Longitudinal section of roads depicts design elevation of carriageway surface based on the center or edge of carriageways. Where tramways are situated in the middle of the road, longitudinal section shall be determined along the center of tramways where the tramways share the same elevation as the roads.
2.2.2.2 Design elevation of roads shall conform to planning for grade plane elevation and surface runoff drainage of urban areas and general architecture of urban roadside constructions while maintaining vertical clearance in accordance with use demands.
2.2.2.3 In respect of roads in mountainous regions, renovated urban roads and roads in areas with disadvantageous and/or restrictive terrain, where technical - economic basis is sufficient, it is permissible to increase maximum gradient under Schedule 1 by an extra 1% in case of urban roads and 2 % in case of regional roads and internal roads. Longitudinal gradient of roads in tunnels (except for tunnels that are less than 50 m in length) and roads leading up to overpasses shall not exceed 4 % where non-motorized vehicles operate on such roads. Where each direction of a road has a separate longitudinal section, the maximum gradient of downslope segment may be increased by 2 % compared to the maximum longitudinal gradient under Schedule 1.
2.2.2.4 Where curve radius ranges from 15 m to 45 m, longitudinal gradient under Schedule 1 shall be reduced in accordance with Schedule 2.
Schedule 2 - Gradient reduction on curves
Curve radius, m |
> 30 ÷ ≤ 45 |
> 25 ÷ ≤ 30 |
> 20 ÷ ≤ 25 |
> 15 ÷ ≤ 20 |
≤ 15 |
Longitudinal gradient reduction, % |
1,0 |
1,5 |
2,0 |
2,5 |
3,0 |
2.2.2.5 Where longitudinal gradient of urban roads is less than 0,3 %, grating of minimum gradient of 0,3 % shall be required and rainwater collectors shall be required where water ponding occurs.
2.2.2.6 Where roads intersect with railways, longitudinal gradient of the crossing shall not exceed 4%; longitudinal gradient of roads within railway safety corridor shall not exceed 2,5 % (exceeding sections between 2 railways).
2.2.2.7 Vertical curves shall be designed where elevation on longitudinal section changes where the difference in the sum of two adjacent elevations is equal to or greater than 1 % if design speed is equal to or greater than 60 km/h or equal to or greater than 2 % if design speed is lower than 60 km/h. Vertical curves can be parabolic or circular in shape.
2.2.2.8 Minimum radius of vertical curves shall conform to Schedule 1; in special circumstances where technical - economic basis is present, it is permissible to lower minimum radius by one level.
2.2.3 Cross section of urban roads
2.2.3.1 Cross section of urban roads shall be sufficient and meet all technical requirements in order to facilitate different modes of transport according to current or future demand which may include: sections for motorized vehicles, sections for public transportation, sections for non-motorized vehicles, auxiliary lanes, parking spaces, reserved land fund for renovation and expansion (if any) and sections for structures, equipment serving traffic operation.
2.2.3.2 Carriageways of urban roads
2.2.3.2.1 Expressway
Factors of carriageway of expressways (number of lanes, lane width, safety width, road width) are specified under Schedule 3.
Schedule 3 - Minimum dimensions of cross section of urban roads
Road level |
Road level |
Design speed, km/h 1) |
Number of two-way lanes |
Width of one lane, m |
Median width, m2) |
Minimum road width, m |
Urban-level |
|
100 |
4 |
3,75 |
0,75 |
27,50 |
1. Urban expressway |
80 |
4 |
3,75 |
0,50 |
27,00 |
|
|
60 |
4 |
3,50 |
0,50 |
24,50 |
|
|
100 |
4 |
3,75 |
0,75 |
30,50 |
|
2. Urban arterial road |
80 |
4 |
3,75 |
0,50 |
30,00 |
|
|
60 |
4 |
3,50 |
0,50 |
26,00 |
|
|
100 |
4 |
3,75 |
0,75 |
30,50 |
|
3. Urban collector road |
80 |
4 |
3,75 |
0,50 |
30,00 |
|
|
60 |
4 |
3,50 |
0,50 |
26,00 |
|
4. Inter-regional road |
80 |
4 |
3,75 |
0,50 |
30,00 |
|
60 |
4 |
3,50 |
0,50 |
26,00 |
||
Regional-level |
5. Regional collector road |
60 |
4 |
3,50 |
0,50 |
24,00 |
50 |
4 |
3,50 |
0,25 |
23,00 |
||
6. Regional road |
50 |
2 |
3,50 |
0,25 |
16,50 |
|
40 |
2 |
3,50 |
- |
16,00 |
||
Internal -level |
7. Sub-regional road |
40 |
2 |
3,50 |
- |
13,00 |
8. Residential road, dead-end road |
20, 30 |
2 |
3,00 |
- |
10,00 |
|
9. Bicycle path |
- |
2 |
1,50 |
- |
3,00 |
|
10. Footpath |
- |
2 |
0,75 |
- |
1,50 |
|
1) Design speed of 60 km/h in respect of urban-level road shall be applied to mountainous regions. 2) Minimum median width of urban expressway under Schedule 3 refers to width of medians. Minimum width of breakdown lanes (reinforced sidewalks) of urban expressways with design speed of equal to or less than 80 km/h shall be 2,5 m, design speed of 100 km/h shall be 3 m; width of sidewalk section with vegetation shall be 0,75 m. |
2.2.3.2.2 Urban-level road
- Width of lane and road is specified under Schedule 3;
- Section of roads that runs throughout an urban area shall be separated from section of roads that serve a localized area;
- Where road section serving traffic purpose has at least 4 lanes, medians of minimum width of 2 m for separating lanes of opposing directions shall be required. In respect of upgraded and/or renovated roads with difficulty regarding land fund, it is permissible to use medians or barriers.
2.2.3.2.3 Regional-level road
Number of lanes, width of lane, and width of road are specified under Schedule 3.
2.2.3.2.4 Internal road
- Number of lanes, width of lane, and width of road are specified under Schedule 3.
- In respect of roads in residential areas of existing urban areas that face difficulty regarding construction conditions, number of lanes, width of lane, width of road may be reduced to meet current conditions.
2.2.3.2.5 In respect of renovated urban roads, road width of all levels may be reduced to meet current conditions.
2.2.3.2.6 Regulations on parts of carriageway of urban roads:
- Minimum geometry regulations are specified under Schedule 3;
- Actual number of lanes shall be determined by design vehicle flow rate of rush hour in the future year Nh, possible capacity of a lane Ptt and use coefficient of possible capacity Z:
Number of lane: n = Nh/Z x Ptt (lane);
- Design vehicle flow rate in rush hour of future year shall be determined on the basis of forecast. Where actual data is insufficient, take approximation equaling 0,10 to 0,15 of daily vehicle flow rate;
- Use coefficient of possible capacity is determined by dividing design vehicle flow rate by possible capacity in accordance with Schedule 4;
- Lateral gradient of carriageway is specified under Schedule 5;
- Sidewalk width is specified under Schedule 6 depending on the type of road and level of road;
- Where curve radius is less than 250 m, expansion section shall be incorporated in carriageway.
Schedule 4 - Use coefficient of possible capacity of urban roads
Road level |
Design speed, km/h |
Z |
Urban-level road |
100 |
0,6 ÷ 0,7 |
80 |
0,7 ÷ 0,8 |
|
60 |
0,8 |
|
Regional-level road |
60 |
0,8 |
50 |
0,8 ÷ 0,9 |
|
40 |
0,8 ÷ 0,9 |
|
Internal road |
40 |
0,8 ÷ 0,9 |
30 |
0,9 |
|
20 |
0,9 |
Schedule 5 - Lateral gradient of carriageway
Type of road surface |
Lateral gradient of carriageway, % |
|||
Urban road |
Square, coach station |
|||
Minimum |
Maximum |
Minimum |
Maximum |
|
1. Asphalt concrete, cement concrete |
1,5 |
2,5 |
1,5 |
2,5 |
2. Prefabricated cement concrete |
2,0 |
3,0 |
1,5 |
2,5 |
3. Other asphalt surface |
2,0 |
3,0 |
2,0 |
3,0 |
4. Stone paved and flat surface |
2,0 |
3,0 |
2.0 |
3,0 |
5. Chippings, aggregates |
2,5 |
3,5 |
- |
- |
2.2.3.3 Sidewalk
2.2.3.3.1 Sidewalk is a part of urban road and serves a multitude of functions: for use by pedestrians, for use by cyclists, for planting trees, for construction of urban technical infrastructures, for public spaces, or for land reservation.
2.2.3.3.2 Sidewalk width is specified under Schedule 6 depending on the type of road and level of road.
2.2.3.3.3 Sidewalk sections to be used by pedestrians shall be layered with hard materials to accommodate travel on foot, drainage, ensure environmental hygiene, and adhere to general aesthetic.
2.2.3.3.4 Where open rainwater gutters are installed on sidewalks, safety measures shall be taken to protect humans and means of transport.
2.2.3.3.5 Minimum width of a pedestrian lane on sidewalks shall be 0,75 m.
2.2.3.3.6 Where sidewalk sections are indented to accommodate bus lay-bys, width of the remaining sidewalk section shall be at least 2 m and sufficient to accommodate foot travel.
Schedule 6 - Minimum width of roadside sidewalk by type of urban road
Type of urban road |
Roadside sidewalk width, m |
1. Urban-level road, urban road adjacent to entrance to shopping malls, markets, cultural centers, etc. |
6,0 (4,0) |
2. Regional-level road |
4,5 (3,0) |
3. Urban internal road |
3,0 (2,0) |
NOTE: Values contained in brackets shall apply to circumstances where construction conditions are difficult. |
2.2.3.3.7 Traffic capacity of a pedestrian lane is specified under Schedule 7.
Schedule 7 - Traffic capacity of a pedestrian lane
Foot travel conditions |
Traffic capacity, person/h |
1. Stores and houses are situated along the sidewalk |
700 |
2. Stores and houses are distant from sidewalk |
800 |
3. Sidewalk in vegetation strip |
1 000 |
4. Scenic route |
600 |
5. Crosswalk |
1 200 |
2.2.3.3.8 Lateral gradient of sidewalk
Lateral gradient of sidewalk shall be at least 1 % and at most 3 %.
2.2.3.3.9 Curb
- Top of curb shall be at least 12,5 cm and at most 30 cm above carriageway; top of curb shall be at least 30 cm above carriageway in respect of medians and traffic islands;
- Slant curbs of a height ranging from 5 cm to 8 cm shall be used turns leading to residential areas;
- Curb height on internal roads, renovated and upgraded roads may be reduced to a minimum of 8 cm when taking to account elevation of existing residential areas.
2.2.3.3.10 Sidewalks shall accommodate accessibility of persons with disabilities in accordance with QCVN 10:2014/BXD.
2.2.3.4 Footpath (on sidewalk)
2.2.3.4.1 Minimum number of pedestrian lanes, width of lane, and width of footpaths are specified under Schedule 3.
2.2.3.4.2 Lateral gradient of footpaths shall be at least 1 % and at most 3 %.
2.2.3.4.3 Where longitudinal gradient of footpaths and sidewalks exceeds 40 % and length of the paths exceeds 200 m, stairs shall be incorporated into the paths. Pedestrian paths that cross carriageways on the same level shall have more than 6 (4) m in width in case of urban roads and more than 4 (3) m for regional roads. Distance between 2 pedestrian paths that cross carriageways outside of junctions shall exceed 300 m in respect of urban roads and exceed 200 m in respect of regional roads.
NOTE: Values contained in brackets only apply in limited conditions where number of crossing pedestrians is insignificant.
2.2.3.4.4 Where safe crossing of pedestrians on level grounds via means of traffic lights cannot be implemented, overpasses or underpasses shall be built to accommodate pedestrian crossing where traffic density exceeds 2 000 equivalent cars/h and pedestrian density exceeds 100 people/h (during rush hours).
2.2.3.4.5 Width of pedestrian overpasses and underpasses shall depend on calculated pedestrian density during rush hours and shall be greater than 3 m.
2.2.3.4.6 Footpaths shall accommodate accessibility of persons with disabilities in accordance with QCVN 10:2014/BXD.
2.2.3.4.7 Footpaths shall meet aesthetic requirements and be designed to increase connectivity of pedestrians with destinations or public transportation hubs.
2.2.3.5 Bicycle paths
2.2.3.5.1 Bicycle paths are paths serving bicycle traffic which may be designed as stand-alone bicycle paths intended to be used solely by cyclists (possibly shared with pedestrians and other non-motorized vehicles) or as sections on carriageways of urban roads serving bicycle traffic.
2.2.3.5.2 Bicycle lanes shall meet criteria regarding geometry, level, and lateral gradient similar to that of adjacent carriageways.
2.2.3.5.3 Independent bicycle paths shall meet geometry criteria that are at least equivalent to those of urban roads rated for design speed of 20 km/h.
2.2.3.5.4 Maximum longitudinal gradient of bicycle paths shall be 4 %.
2.2.3.5.5 Minimum number of bicycle lanes, width of a bicycle lane, and width of bicycle paths are specified under Schedule 3. Where density of bicycle traffic is low, minimum width of bicycle paths shall be 2,5 m. Where specialized vehicles periodically use bicycle paths or bicycle paths are shared with pedestrians or other non-motorized vehicles, minimum width of bicycle paths shall be 4,0 m.
2.2.3.5.6 Where design speed of urban roads is equal to or greater than 80 km/h, medians shall be required to separate roads for motorized vehicles and roads for bicycles.
2.2.3.5.7 Bicycle paths shall meet aesthetic requirements.
2.3.1 Junction arrangement
2.3.1.1 Arrangement of junctions consisting of urban roads is specified under Schedule 8.
2.3.1.2 The type of junction depends on traffic arrangement specified under Schedule 8 while takes into account land use conditions, investment possibility, and upgrade, renovation possibility.
2.3.1.3 Level crossing of urban roads
2.3.1.3.1 Minimum angle of crossing shall be 60 o.
2.3.1.3.2 Urban roads within a minimum radius of 16 m (or 10 m where circumstances are disadvantageous) from the outermost rail shall have lateral gradient of 0 % or lateral gradient conforming to superelevation gradient of the railway. Subsequent urban roads shall have maximum gradient of 3 % over a minimum length of 20 m; in respect of mountainous regions and areas with difficult terrain, gradient of these sections shall not exceed 6 %.
2.3.1.3.3 Crossings shall be located outside the vicinity of railway stations, railway tunnels, and railway station signal posts.
2.3.1.3.4 Traffic safety measures shall be in place at crossings. Where safety at crossing is not guaranteed, grade-separated crossing shall be required.
Schedule 8 - Type of junctions in special urban areas and level I urban areas
Types of urban roads |
Urban expressway |
Arterial roads, urban collector roads, inter-regional roads |
Regional-level road |
Internal road |
Urban expressway |
Grade-separated |
Grade-separated |
Grade-separated |
Grade-separated and disconnected |
Arterial roads, urban collector roads, inter-regional roads |
Grade-separated |
Grade-separated or at-grade with signal lights |
At-grade with signal lights or grade-separated |
Grade-separated |
Regional-level road |
Grade-separated |
At-grade with signal lights or grade-separated |
At-grade with signal lights or grade-separated |
At-grade |
Internal road |
Grade-separated and disconnected |
Grade-separated |
At-grade |
At-grade |
NOTE 1: Grade-separated junctions may or may not include connection routes depending on traffic arrangement. NOTE 2: In respect of level II or lower urban areas, type of junctions shall be selected depending on traffic and construction conditions. |
2.3.2 Requirements of at-grade junction
2.3.2.1 General requirements
2.3.2.1.1 Minimum angle created by roads leading to junctions shall be 60 o.
2.3.2.1.2 Junctions shall be located on straightaway. Where junctions must be located on curves, curve radius shall be greater than the regular minimum radius.
2.3.2.1.3 Junctions shall be situated on roads where longitudinal gradient does not exceed 4 %. Where this requirement cannot be fulfilled, design solutions shall be taken in order to maintain traffic safety.
2.3.2.1.4 Junctions shall not be located immediately after summit-type vertical curve where visibility of vehicles entering the junctions is limited.
2.3.2.1.5 Rainwater drainage system appropriate to the design precipitation frequency shall be incorporated in junctions.
2.3.2.2 Visibility
2.3.2.2.1 Vehicle operators on all roads entering the junctions shall have clear sight of the junctions and road signs relevant to the junctions from a stipulated distance according to applicable junction design.
2.3.2.2.2 Stopping sight distance depends on design speed of roads leading into junctions and is specified under Schedule 1.
2.3.2.2.3 Where calculated visibility cannot be guaranteed, speed control measures shall be taken.
2.3.2.3 Design speed of at-grade junctions
2.3.2.3.1 In respect of straightaway, design speed shall match that of respective road sections outside of junctions However, in special circumstances, it is permissible to consider reduction in design speed as long as measures are taken to ensure traffic safety of the junctions.
2.3.2.3.2 Where roads turn either left or right, design speed depends on spatial conditions and traffic conditions but in all circumstances:
- Where roads turn right, design speed shall not exceeds 0,6 times the design speed of road sections outside of the junctions; where roads turn left, design speed shall not exceed 0,4 times the design speed of road sections outside of the junctions and shall not exceed 25 km/h;
- In all circumstances, minimum design speed of all turning roads (either left or right) shall be 15 km/h.
2.3.2.4 Curb radius
2.3.2.4.1 In respect of new design, curb radius in junctions shall conform to QCVN 01:2021/BXD.
2.3.2.4.2 In respect of renovated urban areas, curve radius of junctions may be reduced where applicable to a minimum of 5 m.
2.3.2.4.3 In respect of internal roads of residential areas, it is permissible to reduce minimum radius along the curb to a minimum of 3 m.
2.3.2.5 Traffic island
2.3.2.5.1 Traffic island is a structure intended to remove excess area between turning lanes, define turning lanes, stabilize conflict areas, create dedicated turning lane, create merging lanes, serve as refuge island, and accommodate traffic control equipment.
2.3.2.5.2 Traffic islands shall be positioned in a way that is convenient for priority traffic and facilitate coherent traffic arrangement.
2.3.2.5.3 Shapes of islands shall conform to vehicle motion in the turns.
2.3.2.5.4 Minimum dimensions of a side of a traffic island shall be 2 m to serve as refuge for cyclists and pedestrians.
2.3.2.5.4 Traffic islands shall be visible regardless of time of day.
2.3.2.6 Speed-change lane
2.3.2.6.1 Speed-change lane shall be situated where vehicles turn left or right.
2.3.2.6.2 A speed-change lane is called an acceleration lane through which vehicles enter a higher speed road from a lower speed road; a deceleration lane through which vehicles enter a lower speed road from a higher speed road.
2.3.2.6.3 Technical regulations on road design in respect of speed-change lane shall adhere to applicable regulations on urban road design depending on design speed.
2.3.3 Grade-separated junctions
2.3.3.1 Grade-separated shall be selected via technical economic analysis. Type of junctions shall conform to Schedule 8.
2.3.3.2 Technical regulations on turns of grade-separated junctions depend on design speed of turns; minimum radius, superelevation gradient, length of transition, cross-sectional dimension, maximum gradient of turns shall conform to limits set forth under Schedule 1.
2.4.1 Squares shall be divided in 3 categories by functions: Central square, public structure square, and transportation square.
2.4.1.1 Central squares refer to spaces in front of urban architectures where meetings, ceremonies, holiday parades, etc. are held.
2.4.1.2 Public structure squares refer to spaces in front of major public structures of urban areas (stadiums, cultural hubs, theaters, galleries, and other public structures), possibly acting as hubs of arterial roads or adjacent to arterial roads.
2.4.1.3 Transportation squares refer to spaces in front of transportation works such as bridges, tunnels, stations, airports, waterports, large-scale junctions.
2.4.2 Squares shall be designed appropriate to functionalities and characteristics of each category and meet urban design requirements, scenery architecture regulations of the area. Traffic in square vicinity must be simple, coherent, and fast-moving.
2.4.3 Squares shall accommodate accessibility of persons with disabilities in accordance with QCVN 10:2014/BXD.
2.5.1 Urban road base shall be designed for the entirety of road width, including carriageways, medians, sidewalks, and trees and within property line.
2.5.2 Design elevation of urban road base shall guarantee minimum elevation of construction planning, urban planning, ensure drainage of urban roads appropriate to precipitation frequency in construction design, and facilitate convenient traffic from urban roads to roadside residential areas.
2.5.3 Road base shall meet stability and strength requirements to withstand vehicles, impact of natural factors, meet scenic, ecology, and environmental requirements of each region according to technical regulations applicable to road base.
2.5.4 Investigations shall be carried out to determined the highest inundation level on both sides of fill slope, duration of inundation in the most unfavorable season, the highest groundwater level below cut slope and fill slope for the purpose of forecasting humidity (the most unfavorable humidity) within area affected by road base and select design solutions so as to limit infiltration of humid sources and implement rapid drainage for layers of pavements, reinforce the bottom layer of pavements to prevent groundwater from permeating pavements.
2.5.5 Where area of hill or mountain slopes leading down to major roads or where height of fill slope is equal to or greater than 12 m.
2.5.51 Elevated gutters shall be required to prevent water from flowing over roads, direct water to drainage works, rivers, roadside ponds, and keep water out of roadside gutters.
2.5.5.2 Where risks of slope barrier collapse or slip are present, elevated gutters in form of concrete or stones to facilitate rapid drainage, prevent ground seepage, and keep roadside slopes dry.
2.5.6 Where height of cut and fill slopes leading to and from road bases exceeds 12 m, calculation shall be made to prevent slope failure.
2.5.7 Where road bases are established on poor ground or over river basins, valleys, or under the effect of rising tide, or running along sloped rivers or channels or roads are inundated, calculation shall be made to stabilize slopes descending from road bases and prevent erosion and take into account hydraulic forces caused by water subsiding.
2.5.1 Carriageways, speed-change lanes, safety lanes, breakdown lanes, squares, and parking lots shall be layered with pavements.
2.6.2 Pavement structure shall be appropriate to traffic flow rate, traffic compositions, road level, use characteristics of works, and urban hygiene requirements. Pavement structures shall have sufficient strength, stability, shall not produce dusts, shall meet level, grip, drainage requirements in accordance with technical regulations on pavement design.
2.7 In respect of specialized carriageways accommodating transportation to industrial parks, factories, storage facilities, ports (vehicle composition includes heavy-duty vehicles, hauling units, container trucks):
- Maximum longitudinal gradient shall be 4 %;
- Maximum superelevation gradient shall be 6 %;
- Minimum horizontal curve radius where multiple trailer-trucks shall be determined depending on vehicles with the largest dimensions;
- Solutions for damping noise (walls, tree strips, etc.) and reducing environmental pollution shall be required where specialized roads cross densely populated areas.
2.8 Works serving public transportation
2.8.1 General requirements
2.8.1.1 Bus network and number of buses shall be determined under scheme for general urban planning.
2.8.1.2 Minimum length of a bus line shall be 5 km.
2.8.1.3 Public transportation that utilizes urban railways with moderate to high passenger transportation capacity shall, as a result of large investment and complicated construction process, be studied from regional planning and provincial planning phases.
2.8.1.4 Construction of public transportation networks shall be considered in a comprehensive manner, incorporate support for infrastructures, accommodate safe, convenient access to multimodal services of the network, and facilitate easy access from other public transportation modes and individuals.
2.8.1.5 Accessibility to public transportation for persons with disabilities shall be guaranteed in accordance with QCVN 10:2014/BXD.
2.8.2 Bus stop
2.8.2.1 Bus stops shall not be located on curves with a radius smaller than the regular minimum radius of horizontal curve or road sections with poor visibility.
2.8.2.2 Minimum distance between two bus stops on the same traffic direction shall be 300 m. A bus stop shall not be placed opposite from another bus stop where medians are not installed.
2.8.2.3 Bus stop design shall be friendly for persons with disabilities and accessible, convenient, and safe for pedestrians.
2.8.3 Bus terminal
2.8.3.1 It is recommended to incorporate bus terminals with urban coach stations or terminals of other public transportation such as rapid buses, urban trams to increase connectivity and reduce costs.
2.8.3.2 The following functions shall be integrated in bus terminals in parts or in whole: bus parking lots, connected parking lots, walkways within parking lots, waiting terminals, ticket booths and checks, departments responsible for safety, security, scenery, and other amenities.
2.8.3.3 Design speed of buses in bus terminals shall be less than design speed of roads turning into the bus terminals and generally below 20 km/h.
2.8.3.4 Width and area of bus parking lots shall vary depending on parking arrangement (45°, 60°, 90°). Width of a parking space shall be 3 m which include width of a bus and empty spaces on both sides. Minimum right-turning radius of buses in parking lots shall be 15 m. Entrance to bus terminals shall be at least 7,5 m in respect of two-lane roads and 15 m in respect of four-lane roads.
2.8.4 Rapid bus road and lane
2.8.4.1 Roads for rapid buses shall be arranged in form of: separate lanes along medians; separate lanes along sidewalks; separate routes.
2.8.4.2 Separate lanes for rapid buses shall be required for all circumstances and shall be physically separated from lanes used by other vehicles on urban roads.
2.8.4.3 Rapid buses shall be prioritized in junctions via automatic system for signaling and controlling other intersecting traffic.
2.8.4.4 Minimum width of a rapid bus lane shall be 3,5 m; minimum width of safety separators shall be 0,5 m.
2.8.5 Rapid bus stop
2.8.5.1 Maximum distance between two stops on a rapid bus line shall be 500 m.
2.8.5.2 Minimum distance from a stop to a junction shall be 30 m from the edge of crosswalk to the rear of rapid bus at the nearest stop (where the stop is placed after the junction) or from stop line to the front of rapid bus at the nearest stop (where the stop is placed before the junction).
2.8.5.3 Minimum length of rapid bus stop shall be 23 m.
2.8.5.4 Design of waiting area in rapid bus stop shall ensure unobstructed vision from and to the rapid bus stop. Passenger amenities such as seats with 6 to 8 seats at the minimum in each bus stop; rapid bus line schedule in real time; map of rapid bus system; map of other public transportations connected to the rapid bus system; automatic ticketing system; security system.
2.8.5.5 Areas where rapid bus stops are built shall utilize rigid pavement whose width equals that of rapid bus road and length equals total length of stopping places and 30 m of reinforced pavement in both directions.
2.8.6 Transit stations and terminal station of rapid bus system
2.8.6.1 Rapid bus transition stations shall be design to incorporate other forms of public transportation. Where independent transit stations are built, travel distance between two modes of transport shall be less than 500 m.
2.8.6.2 Terminal stations of rapid bus system shall ensure turning radius and number of parking rapid buses in off-peak hours.
2.8.6.3 Public service utilities and restrooms shall be required.
2.8.7 Traffic connection requirements
2.8.7.1 Park-and-ride facilities
2.8.7.1.1 Refer to parking lots that connect personal vehicles such as bicycles, motorcycles, automobiles with public transportation such as buses, rapid buses, urban trams to improve service of urban public transportation network.
2.8.7.1.2 Park-and-ride facilities shall be prioritized for integration in public parking lots, bus terminals, rapid bus terminals, and urban railway stations.
2.8.7.1.3 Areas of park-and-ride facilities include: parking lots for personal vehicles, access to public transportation, traffic amenities such as direction signs, information panels, lighting and sanitary fixtures.
2.8.7.1.4 Maximum walking distance from the furthest point in a park-and-ride facility to gateways leading to public transportation shall be 500 m.
2.8.7.2 Connected passenger pick-up and drop-off points
2.8.7.2.1 Refer to areas designed to accommodate passenger pick-up/drop-off in public transportation such as bus stations, rapid bus stations, urban railway stations, airports, water ports, etc. It is especially effective where passenger transport services such as taxi are incorporated.
2.8.7.2.2 It is recommended to design in form of a separate one-way straightaway or curve lane in order to maximum length and minimize occupied area, ensure coherent traffic, and avoid congestion.
2.8.7.2.3 Direct connection to entrance and exit of terminals and station shall be required to allow passengers to meet drivers as fast as possible. Maximum walking distance from entrance of terminal and station to connected passenger pick-up and drop-off points shall be 500 m.
2.9.1 Traffic safety on and under bridges shall be guaranteed.
2.9.2 Location and architecture of bridges shall conform to construction planning, urban planning, and urban design approved by competent authority.
2.9.3 Road surfaces on bridges shall have grip, gradient, camber, superelevation, etc. conforming to selected and applied standards.
2.9.4 Abutments shall be protected against collision caused by vehicles and watercrafts travelling below the bridge.
2.9.5 In respect of bridges that cross a river or a sea, the minimum vertical clearance from the highest water level (design water level) to the lowest point of span elements shall be 0,5 m (where drifting trees are possible, this minimum value shall be 1 m); to support of bearing pads shall be 0, 25 m; and shall be sufficient for navigation of water crafts with appropriate dimensional limits depending on river category in accordance with waterway traffic laws.
2.9.6 In respect of overpass
2.9.6.1 Minimum vertical clearance from the tallest position of carriageways shall be 5 m in case of expressways, 4,75 m in case of urban roads and regional roads, and 4,50 m in case of internal roads.
2.9.6.2 Where paths intended to be used by cyclists and pedestrians are physically separated from carriageways of automobiles, the minimum vertical clearance shall be 2,5 m.
2.9.7 Where urban roads cross railways and/or tramways, vertical clearance shall conform to dimensional limits of railway and tramways.
2.9.8 Guardrails and barriers shall be required on both sides.
2.9.9 Bridges that are designed to accommodate pedestrians shall also accommodate accessibility for persons with disabilities in accordance with QCVN 10:2014/BXD.
2.9.10 Pedestrian paths on bridges shall be at least 0,3 m higher than the carriageways. Minimum height of guardrails on bridges shall be 1 070 mm.
2.9.11 Drainage system on bridges shall facilitate rapid collection of rainwater in drainage pipes and transmission to rainwater drainage system of urban areas.
2.9.11.1 Lateral gradient (on non-superelevation sections) shall be 2 %.
2.9.11.2 Minimum cross sectional area of drainage pipes shall be 1,0 cm2/1 m2 of bridge surface.
2.9.11.3 Minimum clear diameter of drainage pipes shall be 150 mm.
2.9.11.4 Manholes for drainage purposes shall be outfitted with covers and garbage grates.
2.9.11.5 Where roads are located below bridges, gutters and drainage pipes directing water away from the roads.
2.9.12 Bridge structures shall be able to withstand all types of load and the most disadvantageous load combinations throughout structure useful life.
2.9.13 Lighting and traffic requirements on bridges shall be met.
2.10 Underground urban transportation works
2.10.1 Requirements of underground urban transportation works
2.10.11 Underground urban transportation works shall ensure reasonable, efficient, and effective land use; ensure reasonable and synchronous connectivity with underground works and connection between underground transportation works and above-ground works; meet traffic safety and environmentally friendly requirements; meet safety requirements for adjacent above-ground works.
2.10.1.2 Underground urban transportation works shall be prioritized in city centers, areas with limited land fund for transportation, or junctions with large traffic density and regularly prone to congestion.
2.10.1.3 Construction of underground urban transportation works shall rely on geography and geomorphology characteristics; location of existing above-ground works, network of underground technical infrastructures; geology and hydrogeology conditions.
2.10.2 Construction space of urban tunnels
2.10.2.1 Design and construction of tunnels in urban areas shall utilize underground space in an efficient and economically-technically effective.
2.10.2.2 Dimensions of the tunnel shall retain dimensional limits of roads while facilitate future expansion, installation of auxiliary equipment and underpass operating and maintenance system.
2.10.2.3 In respect of urban pedestrian underpasses, underpass spaces shall be considered for integration with other functions. Accessibility for persons with disabilities shall be required in accordance with QCVN 10:2014/BXD.
2.10.2.4 In respect of urban tunnels: it is permissible to build roads, public structures such as parks, parking lots, other public structures on the ground without affecting safety and usage of adjacent works.
2.10.3 Regulations on geometric design of urban tunnels
2.10.3.1 Tunnel layout shall conform to 2.2.1 and limits under Schedule 1 regarding visibility and minimum radius of horizontal curve.
2.10.3.2 Longitudinal section of tunnels shall adhere to 2.2.2 and limits under Schedule 1 regarding minimum radius of horizontal curve, minimum length of change in grade line slope, minimum radius of summit-type vertical curve and valley-type vertical curve, minimum length of vertical curve, minimum longitudinal gradient for natural drainage of roadside gutters.
2.10.3.3 Cross section of tunnel
2.10.3.3.1 Cross section of tunnels shall adhere to 2.2.3 and regulations on minimum dimensions under Schedule 3 regarding number of carriageways, width of a lane, width of medians, and Schedule 5 regarding lateral gradient of carriageways.
2.10.3.3.2 Cross-sectional dimensions in tunnels shall be determined so as to guarantee traffic flow rate appropriate to design road level and placement of ventilation, lighting, emergency aid, and signaling fixtures.
2.10.4 Requirements for auxiliary system in tunnels
2.10.4.1 Emergency exit system
2.10.4.1.1 Urban tunnels that are equal to or greater than 500 m in length, emergency exit tunnels shall be required.
2.10.4.1.2 Where a minimum of 2 tunnels are built for a single route, separate emergency exit tunnels shall not be required as one of the tunnels also serves as emergency exit for the other.
2.10.4.1.3 Lateral tunnels connecting main tunnels and emergency exit tunnels shall be at most 400 m in length for pedestrians and 1 600 m for automobiles.
2.10.4.2 Emergency stops in tunnels
A minimum of one emergency stop shall be required for every 400 m of carriageway in each direction.
2.10.5 Fire safety
Tunnels shall meet fire safety requirements in accordance with regulations on fire prevention and firefighting and other relevant law provisions.
2.10.6. Ventilation system
2.10.6.1 Ventilation shall maintain the content of noxious gases below values under Schedule 9.
Schedule 9 - Maximum content of noxious gases
Gas |
Content |
1. Carbon Oxides (CO) |
0,020 |
2. Dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) |
0,005 |
3. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) |
0,020 |
4. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) |
0,010 |
5. Methane (CH4) |
0,002 |
6. Carbonic (CO2) |
5,000 |
2.10.6.2 Where natural ventilation of a tunnel does not fulfill noxious gas content requirements, mechanical ventilation shall be required.
2.10.6.3 Smoke volume that obstructs visibility and emission shall be controlled to adhere to transportation works construction laws.
2.10.7. Lighting system
Lighting system shall be required in tunnels to maintain coherent traffic and safety for vehicles and people. Lighting system of tunnels shall adhere to QCVN 07-7:2023/BXD.
2.10.8 Communication, signaling system, and signs
Communication, signally system and signs shall be required in tunnels to maintain safety for people and vehicles. Technical requirements of such systems shall conform to selected and applied standards.
2.10.9 Water supply and drainage system
2.10.9.1 Water supply and drainage system shall be required in tunnels and enable safe operation of tunnels.
2.10.9.2 Water drainage system shall be able to fully drain surface runoff and water used for tunnel cleaning. Water drainage system in tunnels shall conform to QCVN 07-2:2023/BXD.
2.10.9.3 Water supply system shall provide sufficient flow rate and pressure to meet use, industrial sanitation, and firefighting demands in tunnels.
2.11 Traffic supervision stations
2.11.1 Refer to works collecting traffic data to serve research and design of effective and synchronous traffic control management system while satisfy national and local traffic data demands.
2.11.2 Traffic supervision equipment shall be located at specific locations on roads or junctions (especially junctions with large traffic capacity and frequent congestions). These positions usually represent characteristics of specific routes. Collected data under this Point shall be extrapolated for the entire roads.
2.11.3 Traffic supervision equipment shall be integrated in smart traffic system of urban areas, assist in improving management and operation of city traffic.
2.11.4 Video surveillance system or traffic CCTV system consists of a camera or cameras, a computer for digitalizing and analyzing images, a software for processing images and converting images to traffic data.
2.11.5 Location of traffic cameras shall be selected based on coverage and maintenance demands.
2.11.6 Traffic supervision stations are affiliated to a traffic management coordination center which uses technology to control traffic network, supervise traffic signal, deploy traffic management strategies to reduce congestion, and coordinate other traffic managing entities during special events, emergencies, or daily traffic.
2.11.7 Where urban roads are subject to tolls, stopless tolling technology shall be applied.
2.12.1 Maintenance of traffic works shall conform to regulations, standards on road works selected and applied by competent authority.
2.12.2 Transportation works shall be regularly, periodically, and irregularly inspected throughout use in order to facilitate maintenance and guarantee design functionalities.
2.12.3 Where transportation works show sign of damage, danger, or loss of safety in operation and/or use, quality inspection shall be required to produce evaluation regarding quality and causes of damage in order to develop timely maintenance and repair plans.
2.12.4 Maintenance of transportation roadworks shall conform to annual plans and approved maintenance procedures.
2.12.5 Promote application of new technologies and materials to improve effectiveness, efficiency of maintenance costs, application of science technology in regular quality monitoring and inspection in transportation works.
3.1 Transition clauses
3.1.1 Investment projects approved prior to the effective period of this Regulation shall adhere to regulations applicable as of the date on which said projects are approved; individuals deciding on investment reserve the right to apply this Regulation.
3.1.2 Investment construction projects that are approved from the effective date hereof shall conform to this Regulation.
3.2 Local construction authorities are responsible for inspecting compliance with this Regulation in production, appraisal, approval, and management of building design and construction.
3.3 Ministry of Construction is responsible for publicizing and providing guidelines on application of this Regulation for relevant entities. Difficulties that arise during implementation of this Regulation shall be submitted to the Technical Infrastructure Department, Ministry of Construction.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - ELECTRICITY SUPPLY WORKS
1.1 Scope
This Regulation prescribes technical requirements and mandatory management requirements in investment, construction, renovation, and upgrade of electricity supply works.
Provisions under this document apply to electricity supply works, including power stations, transmission and distribution substation, transmission and distribution grid.
1.2 Regulated entities
This Regulation applies to all organizations and individuals engaging in operations related to investment, construction, renovation, and upgrade of electricity supply works.
1.3 Reference documents
Reference documents below are necessary for the application of this Regulation. If reference documents are amended or replaced, the new versions shall prevail.
QCVN 01:2021/BXD, National Construction Regulations on Construction Planning;
QCVN 02:2022/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Physical Natural and Climatic data for Construction;
QCVN 07-3:2023/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Technical Infrastructure System - Trench and Tunnel Works;
QCVN QTD QTD-5:2009/BCT, National technical regulation on electrical engineering. Volume 5: National Technical Codes for Testing, Acceptance Test for Power Facility;
QCVN QTD QTD-6:2009/BCT, National technical regulation on electrical engineering. Volume 6: Operating and Maintenance Power system facilities;
QCVN QTD QTD-7:2009/BCT, National technical regulation on electrical engineering. Volume 7: Installation Power Network;
QCVN QTD QTD-8:2010/BCT, National technical regulation on electrical engineering. Volume 8: Low-voltage electricity;
QCVN 01:2020/BCT, National technical regulation on Electric safety.
1.4 Definitions
In the Regulation, the terms below are construed as follows:
1.4.1
Electrical station
Refers to an element in electricity supply system and can be a supply station, an electrical substation, a switching station, or reactive power compensation station.
1.4.2
Electrical transmission and distribution grid
Refers to above-ground or underground electrical wires with voltage ranging from 0,4 kV to 500 kV, providing electricity to households and residential areas in tunnels, public structures, manufacturing facilities, mining facilities, transportation works, parks - tree parks, public lighting.
1.4.3
Electrical system
Refers to a combination of elements of power plants, electrical stations, and electrical grids continuously connected throughout electricity production, transformation, and distribution process.
1.4.4
Electricity supply works
Refers to elements of electrical system that provide electricity to households, residential areas, public structures, manufacturing facilities, mining facilities, transportation works, parks - tree parks, and public lighting works.
2.1 General requirements
2.1.1 Investment and construction of electricity supply works shall adhere to planning approved by competent authority and meet requirements defined under QCVN 01:2021/BXD.
2.1.2 Construction elements such as buildings, doors, pillars, girders of electricity supply system shall meet stability and integrity requirements under load and natural conditions throughout useful life of the works. Data on natural conditions used in construction shall conform to QCVN 02:2022/BXD.
2.1.3 Construction of electricity supply works shall meet requirements defined under QCVN QTD-05:2009/BCT, QCVN QTD-07:2009/BCT, and QCVN QTD-08:2010/BCT.
2.1.4 Electrical grid
Technical requirements for electrical distribution and transmission grid shall adhere to Regulation on Electrical Equipment.
2.1.5 Transmission substation and distribution substation
2.1.5.1 Electrical substations of 500 kV and 220 kV shall be planned for in the outskirts. Where such electrical substations must be built in cities, they must not be built in city centers and be accompanied by adequate safety perimeters for installation of incoming and outgoing feeder bays in the substations.
2.1.5.2 Electrical substations of 110 kV and 220 kV located inside level II to special urban areas shall be placed indoors. In respect of small and confined spaces, it is advised to use enclosed or semi-enclosed GIS stations.
2.1.5.3 Distribution substations in cities can be placed either indoors or outdoors depending on actual scales.
2.1.5.4 Medium-voltage and low-voltage lines of Incoming and outgoing feeder bays of (indoors and outdoors) distribution substations in cities shall utilize underground cables. Incoming and outgoing feeder bays should not be located along arterial roads and planned transportation route such as urban railways.
2.1.6 Line accessories
2.1.6.1 In respect of electrical grids of at least medium voltage, their lines shall have technical specifications conforming to those of regional and national electrical grids.
2.1.6.2 Electric cables leading to city centers shall utilize underground cables with technical characteristics conforming to applicable electricity laws.
2.1.6.3 Electric cables leading to residential areas and underground works shall be placed underground and compliant with QCVN 07-3:2023/BXD.
2.1.6.4 Where minimum voltage is 110 kV, underground cables shall be contained in trench or tunnel works and compliant with Regulations on Electrical Equipment and QCVN 07-3:2023/BXD.
2.1.6.5 Cables of medium-voltage and low-voltage network in cities shall be underground cables. Underground cable markers made of ceramic and indicating voltage values shall be required along underground cable lines.
2.1.6.6 Underground medium-voltage and low-voltage cables in cities shall be placed underground, contained in trench or tunnel works, and compliant with QCVN 07-3:2023/BXD and Regulations on Electrical Equipment.
2.1.6.7 Warning signs shall be required where overhead high-voltage transmission lines, underground cables intersect railways, roads, inland waterways.
2.1.6.8 Where underground cables are placed underground, contained in other works, or sharing the same direction as other technical infrastructures, or intersecting other technical infrastructures, separation distance under Regulation on Electrical Equipment must be guaranteed. Separation distance between electricity supply lines and other technical infrastructure lines must be fulfilled in accordance with QCVN 01:2021/BXD.
2.1.6.9 Electrical wires and cables of varying voltage values shall, upon being placed on the same brackets in tunnel works, be physically separated or 50 mm away from one another.
2.1.6.10 Overhead lines shall meet vertical clearance requirements according to applicable laws.
2.1.6.11 Poles, pole foundation, pole stay wires, girders, ceramics, meter boxes, distribution panels of overhead lines:
- Electric poles and foundation thereof shall meet strength, stability, and useful life requirements under the effect of load and natural conditions;
- Pole stay wire, girders, ceramics, meter boxes, and distribution panels shall meet technical requirements in accordance with applicable electricity laws;
- Channels and connectors of underground cables shall meet technical requirements as per applicable electricity laws.
2.1.7 Electricity meter
2.1.7.1 Instruments for measuring active power and reactive power shall be required in electrical substations, transmission and distribution lines delivering electricity to households.
2.1.7.2 Electricity measuring instruments shall conform to technical requirements regarding metrology and be inspected, sealed as per the law.
2.1.7.3 Electricity measuring instruments shall be installed in management areas of the buyers, unless otherwise agreed upon.
2.2 Electricity engineering and safety requirements
2.2.1 Electricity engineering safety and supply requirements of electricity supply works shall adhere to QCVN QTD-5:2009/BCT, QCVN QTD-6:2009/BCT, QCVN QTD-7:2009/BCT, QCVN QTD-8:2010/BCT, and QCVN 01:2020/BCT.
2.2.2 Automatic protection
2.2.2.1 Automatic protection devices in electricity supply works shall facilitate remote control, accurately detect incidents and promptly isolate faulty elements from the system in order to maintain safe operation of electrical system and satisfy other relevant applicable laws.
2.2.2.2 Automatic protection devices shall be reliable, capable of fulfilling working modes of electrical equipment, fast, sensitive, accurate within permissible tolerance, and compliant with other relevant applicable regulations.
2.2.2.3 It is permissible to utilize fuses or circuit breakers to protect electrical equipment and low-voltage electrical grid from overloading and short circuit. High-voltage fuses and circuit breakers shall only be used to protect lines and transformers of a voltage of 110 kV or lower. Circuit breakers of a minimum voltage of 22 kV shall be integrated with monitoring and remote control functions. Protective relays shall be required to protect important elements of electrical system of a voltage of 110 kV or lower such as transformers, busbars, and loads serving type I and type II households.
2.2.2.4 Reclosers shall be required where active electricity supply experiences short interruption; devices for automatically activation of back-up supply shall be required where electric grid experiences blackout. These devices shall support remote monitoring and control functions and be compliant with applicable regulations.
NOTE: Type I and type II households are defined under Regulation on Electrical Equipment.
2.2.3 Grounding system of electricity supply works
2.2.3.1 Electrical equipment connected to directly earthed neutral medium-voltage grids shall be safely grounded. Grounding resistance shall meet requirement defined under Regulation on Electrical Equipment. In respect of isolation terre medium-voltage electrical network, connectors shall adhere to specialized regulations of the industry (if any).
2.2.3.2 Neutral on low-voltage side of distribution transformers shall be directly and repeatedly grounded. Grounding requirements and grounding resistance shall meet requirements.
2.2.3.3 Casing of low-voltage electrical equipment shall be safely grounded and appropriate to protective equipment. Grounding resistance shall meet requirements defined under Regulation Electrical Equipment.
2.2.4 Lightning protection system
2.2.4.1 Outdoor electrical substations, lines, and distribution devices with voltage values of 500 kV, 220 kV, 110 kV, and 22 kV shall be protected against lightning.
2.2.4.2 Lightning protection and grounding equipment, system of transmission and distribution grids shall meet requirements defined under applicable laws. All metal elements in the works shall be connected to grounding system for lightning protection.
2.2.4.3 Where cables intersect each other or are close to one another, metal belts and cases of said cables and conductive cases of equipment in the works shall be connected to grounding system.
2.2.4.4 Transmission lines with a voltage below 1 kV shall be contained in insulated cables. Cable boxes of electrical substations shall be outfitted with low-voltage lightning protective devices. Metal belts and cases of cable ends that are connected to the works shall be connected to grounding elements of low-voltage lightning protective devices.
2.2.5 Electricity supply system safety
2.2.5.1 Safety must be guaranteed in installation, connection, and operation.
2.2.5.2 Protective mesh, partitions and hanging safety warning signs shall be installed for each type of equipment. Separation distance from protective mesh, partitions to equipment shall be maintained and not be lower than distance determined by technical characteristics and protection requirements of each equipment type.
2.2.5.3 Signs indicating location of electric cables shall be placed on the ground or markers, centerlines of trench or tunnel works in a way that is visible and allows identification of cable direction from all positions; signs shall be mandatory where there is change in direction; two adjacent signs shall be at most 30 m away from one another.
2.2.5.4 Where combustible substances are present, all electrical equipment and systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with fire safety laws. Only specialized fire safety and firefighting equipment compliant with applicable laws shall be used in electricity supply works.
2.2.5.5 Internal electrical substations, power stations, electrical equipment, high-voltage and medium-voltage and low-voltage lines shall be installed and managed in a manner compliant with requirements and applicable laws.
2.2.5.6 Branches of transmission lines leading to houses and structures shall meet safety requirements, not obstruct operation of traffic vehicles, emergency vehicles, firefighting vehicles.
2.2.6 Fire safety
Electricity supply works shall be outfitted with on-site and remote emergency shutdown plans for regions and households when necessary to maintain safety for firefighting and rescue efforts while maintaining continuous electricity supply for outdoor lighting, indoor firefighting and rescue facilities in case of fire.
2.3 Maintenance
Electricity supply works and work items shall be periodically maintained or replaced throughout useful life in order to perform design functionalities.
3.1 Transition clauses
3.1.1 Investment projects approved prior to the effective period of this Regulation shall adhere to regulations applicable as of the date on which said projects are approved; individuals deciding on investment reserve the right to apply this Regulation.
3.1.2 Investment construction projects that are approved from the effective date hereof shall conform to this Regulation.
3.2 Local construction authorities are responsible for inspecting compliance with this Regulation in production, appraisal, approval, and management of building design and construction.
3.3 Ministry of Construction is responsible for publicizing and providing guidelines on application of this Regulation for relevant entities. Difficulties that arise during implementation of this Regulation shall be submitted to the Technical Infrastructure Department, Ministry of Construction.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - PETROLEUM AND GAS SUPPLY WORKS
1.1 Scope
This Regulation prescribes technical requirements and mandatory management requirements in investment, construction, renovation, and upgrade of petroleum and gas supply works.
1.2 Regulated entities
This Regulation applies to organizations and individuals related to investment, construction, renovation, and operation of petroleum and gas supply works.
1.3 Reference documents
Reference documents below are necessary for the application of this Regulation. If reference documents are amended or replaced, the new versions shall prevail.
QCVN 01:2021/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Construction Planning;
QCVN 02:2022/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Physical Natural and Climatic data for Construction;
QCVN 29:2010/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Effluent of Petroleum Terminal and Stations;
QCVN 01:2020/BCT, National Technical Regulation on Design Requirements of Petroleum Stations;
QCVN 02:2020/BCT, National Technical Regulation on Safety of Liquefied Petroleum Tanks;
QCVN 10:2012/BCT, National Technical Regulation on Safety for Liquefied Petroleum Gas Filling Plants;
QCVN 01:2019/BCA, National Technical Regulation on Firefighting and Fire Suppression System for Gas Storage.
1.4 Definitions
In the Regulation, the terms below are construed as follows:
1.4.1
Petroleum station
Where petroleum retail is implemented via pumps to road and waterway vehicles. Petroleum stations may also accommodate sale of bottled liquefied petroleum gas, lubricants, and utility services for traffic participants and vehicles.
1.4.2
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
Refers to a hydrocarbon product of petroleum origin where primary components are propane (C3H8) or butane (C4H10) or a mixture of both, is abbreviated as LPG. At normal temperature and pressure, these hydrocarbons stay in gas form; when compressed to a defined pressure or cooled to an appropriate temperature, these hydrocarbons will change to liquid form.
1.4.3
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
Refers to a hydrocarbon product in gas form and compressed at a high pressure where primary component is methane (CH4).
1.4.4
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
Refers to a hydrocarbon product in liquid form, of a natural gas origin where primary component is methane (CH4) and is abbreviated as LNG; at normal temperature and pressure, LNG stays in gas form and when cooled to a definite temperature, LNG changes to liquid form.
1.4.5
Gas cylinder
Refers to a movable storage unit of LPG (with a volume below 150 L), CNG, LNG with a low volume.
1.4.6
Gas tank
Refers to a stationary storage unit for flammable gases (LPG, CNG, LNG).
1.4.7
Fuel tank (LPG, CNG, LNG) on transportation (LPG, CNG, LNG tank truck)
Refers to a tank containing fuel (LPG, CNG, LNG) on transportation.
1.4.8
Maximum permissible working pressure
Refers to the highest pressure at which a tank or equipment can sustain without failure.
…………..........
1.4.14
Acceptable risk
Refers to an acceptable level of risks in respect to protected entities.
2.1 General requirements
2.1.1 Petroleum and gas supply works shall be determined from initial stage of planning in order to guarantee stable, safe, effective petroleum and gas supply and fulfill energy demand of projects in accordance with infrastructure planning requirements under QCVN 01:2021/BXD. Requirements regarding land fund, position of stationary petroleum stations, location of gas supply stations shall conform to QCVN 01:2021/BXD. Selection of technologies, materials, equipment, and accessories shall guarantee the use of advanced technologies satisfactory fire safety, fire prevention, firefighting, lightning protection, static protection, and environmental protection laws.
2.1.2 Data selected as the basis for designing petroleum and gas supply works shall be up to date, taking into account climate change forecast and demand outlook during project operation, and compliant with QCVN 02:2022/BXD.
2.1.3 Structure and materials of petroleum and gas supply works shall meet load-bearing capacity, stability, and fire safety requirements throughout their useful life under the effect of load, natural conditions, and operation process. Data on natural conditions shall conform to QCVN 02:2022/BXD.
2.2 Petroleum station
2.2.1 Location of petroleum station shall conform to QCVN 01:2021/BXD, QCVN 01:2020/BCT.
2.2.2 Technologies and equipment in petroleum stations shall conform to QCVN 01:2020/BCT.
2.2.3 Petroleum stations shall meet general requirements regarding fire safety and be outfitted with firefighting plans approved by competent authority.
2.2.4 Petroleum stations shall be adequately outfitted with initial firefighting equipment as per the law. Placement of stationary firefighting equipment shall conform to QCVN 01:2020/BCT.
2.2.5 Buildings of petroleum stations
2.2.5.1 Separation distance of buildings of petroleum stations to other work items, fire resistance categories of structures of point-of-sale and other work items shall conform to QCVN 01:2020/BCT.
2.2.5.2 Petroleum stations adjacent to other constructions shall be surrounded by walls in accordance with QCVN 01:2020/BCT.
2.2.5.3 Where petrol stations also accommodate sale of bottled LPG within the stations, safety regulations must be adhered to.
2.2.6 Petroleum tank
2.2.6.1 Location, separation distance, and materials of tanks shall conform to QCVN 01:2020/BCT.
2.2.6.2 Petroleum tanks must not be above-ground.
2.2.7 Water supply and drainage system of petroleum stations
2.2.7.1 Petroleum stations shall be provided with adequate water for domestic and firefighting purposes. Water sources and supply pipes shall conform to QCVN 01:2020/BCT.
2.2.7.2 Oil-contaminated wastewater of petroleum stations shall be collected in a manner compliant with QCVN 01:2020/BCT and treated in a manner compliant with QCVN 29:2010/BTNMT.
2.2.7.3 Oil-contaminated tools and wastes shall be segregated, stored, collected, delivered, and treated in accordance with hazardous waste management laws.
2.2.8 Petroleum stations outfitted with charging stations for electric vehicles shall adhere to regulations on danger zoning under QCVN 01:2020/BCT and relevant electricity safety regulations.
2.3 Gas supply works
2.3.1 Urban gas supply demand
Urban gas supply system shall continuously satisfy demand and pressure of users in normal operating conditions and during peak hours considering specific demand type (residential, commercial, industrial) and future development demand.
2.3.2 Regulation on design of gas distribution system from outside of gas supply works to structures using gas
2.3.2.1 Gas distribution pipes start from the boundary outside of gas supply works to the exterior of structures using gas and do not include pipes inside buildings or works using gas. Working pressure of distribution pipes shall not exceed 7 bar. Other pipes and works along gas supply works that have working pressure above 7 bar shall adhere to applicable regulations on Safety of Petroleum Works on Land.
2.3.2.2 Distribution systems may be designed for pressure categories below:
- Low pressure where pressure is less than or equal to 0,1 bar;
- Moderate pressure where pressure is greater than 0,1 bar and less than or equal to 2 bar;
- Moderate-high pressure where pressure is greater than 2 bar and less than or equal to 7 bar.
2.3.2.3 Regulations on design of gas supply network
2.3.2.3.1 It is permissible to design distribution where supply network is circular or parallel in design.
2.3.2.3.2 Gas supply system shall be divided into zones and sections that can be isolated from one another by gauge valves and standby valves so that an area can be isolated while constant supply to other areas is maintained where an area must be suspended for repair, inspection, or fire safety purposes.
2.3.2 Gas supply stations shall be categorized by the type of gas involved:
- LPG supply station;
- CNG supply station;
- CNG supply station;
- Depressurization station (where supply is provided by high-pressure gas pipelines).
2.3.4 Separation distance from gas supply stations to protected entities shall adhere to relevant field-specific regulations appropriate to the type of gas storage. Regardless of situation, placement of gas supply station requires approval of firefighting police department in accordance with the Law on Fire Prevention and Firefighting departments.
2.3.5 LPG supply station
2.3.5.1 Storage by cylinders: LPG supply stations that utilize cylinders shall meet requirements applicable to LPG supply stations with cylinder storage system under QCVN 10:2012/BCT.
2.3.5.2 Storage by tanks: LPG supply stations that utilize tanks shall meet requirements applicable to LPG supply stations with tank storage system under QCVN 10:2012/BCT.
2.3.5.3 Regulations on separation distance of LPG supply stations to protected entities shall adhere to QCVN 10:2012/BCT.
2.3.6 CNG supply station
2.3.6.1 CNG supply stations shall meet separation distance to protected entities under field-specific regulations depending on storage capacity. Regardless of situation, CNG tanks shall be at least 15 m away from footpaths, at least 25 m away from civil buildings, at least 50 m away from important public structures.
2.3.6.2 CNG supply stations shall accommodate isolated areas to allow CNG tank trucks to park and resupply CNG. Isolated areas accommodated to CNG tank trucks shall be easy to access while maintaining safety for people and other work items in the stations.
2.3.6.3 CNG supply stations that utilize stationary cylinders for storage
2.3.6.3.1 Where multiple adjacent storage clusters are used, minimum distance between storage clusters shall be 2 m; where vertically stacked CNG cylinder clusters are used, the cylinder clusters shall be limited to a maximum space of 1,1 m in width, 5,5 m in length, and 1,6 m in height; where horizontally stacked cylinder clusters are used, the cylinder clusters shall be limited to a maximum space of 1,8 m in height, 7 m in length, and width of that of a cylinder up to 2 m.
2.3.6.3.2 Cylinders shall be arranged in the same direction to allow easy access.
2.3.6.3.3 Where horizontally stacked cylinder clusters are parallel to one another, cylinder accessories shall be arranged in a way that they are not interfering with accessories of other cylinders.
2.3.6.3.4 Minimum separation distance between horizontally stacked cylinders in a cluster shall be 30 mm.
2.3.6.3.5 Requirements regarding pipes, accessories, tanks and cylinders, pipe and tank and cylinder accessories shall meet technical requirements under selected and applied standards.
2.3.7 LNG supply station
2.3.7.1 Arrangement of building premise, technology equipment, other work items and parts shall accommodate operation, security and safety monitoring, supervision, maintenance, and incident handling within LNG storage. Buildings, equipment, work items, and other parts shall be arranged in a manner dependent on prevailing wind direction in the area and sources of sparks.
2.3.7.2 Location of LNG supply stations shall maintain separation distance to protected entities and be compliant with Schedule 1.
Schedule 1 - Minimum separation distance from LNG tanks to protected entities and between tanks
Tank volume, V (m3) |
Separation distance from outer edge of overflowing barrier of tanks to protected entities, m |
Separation distance between tanks m |
||
Underground tank |
Above ground tank |
Underground tank |
Above ground tank |
|
V ≤ 0,5 |
4,6 |
0 |
4,6 |
0 |
0,5 < V ≤ 1 |
4,6 |
3,0 |
4,6 |
1.0 |
1 < V ≤ 1,9 |
4,6 |
4,6 |
4,6 |
1,0 |
1,9 < V < 3,8 |
4,6 |
4,6 |
4,6 |
1,5 |
3,8 ≤ V < 7,6 |
4,6 |
4,6 |
4,6 |
1.5 |
7,6 ≤ V < 68,1 |
4,6 |
7,6 |
4,6 |
1,5 |
68,1 ≤ V < 114 |
7,6 |
15,0 |
4,6 |
1,5 |
114 ≤ V < 265 |
12,2 |
23,0 |
4,6 |
1/4 the sum of diameter of two adjacent tanks and not lower than 1,5 m |
265 ≤ V < 379 |
12,2 |
30,5 |
4,6 |
|
379 ≤ V < 454 |
20,0 |
38,0 |
4,6 |
|
454 ≤ V < 757 |
30,5 |
61,0 |
4,6 |
|
757 ≤ V ≤ 4 000 |
45,7 |
91,4 |
4,6 |
|
V > 4 000 |
0,7 times the tank diameter and not lower than 30 m |
4,6 |
|
2.3.8 Depressurization station (where supply is delivered through high-pressure gas pipeline)
2.3.8.1 Design pressure of system before depressurization stations shall be greater than or equal to maximum operating pressure of the system before depressurization stations. Design pressure of system after depressurization stations shall be greater than or equal to maximum operating pressure of the system after depressurization stations.
2.3.8.2 Factories and equipment shall be arranged in a way that guarantee safe separation, inspection, maintenance, and testing. Systems shall be adequately outfitted with gauge valves, purge valves, and discharge outlets to depressurize the system or carry out inspection where needed.
2.3.8.3 Safety system shall be required to protect equipment on low-pressure side in the event where depressurizing equipment is not functioning.
2.3.8.4 The system must meet reliability and functionality requirements, including requirements regarding operation safety, connection to temporary supply system to maintain constant supply, possibility of defects and backup of equipment.
2.3.8.5 Possibility of gas discharge via operation control system to the environment must be minimized. Gas outlets must be located in clear area that meets regulations on separation distance to power, communication lines and sources of sparks.
2.3.9 Regulations on pipelines
2.3.9.1 General provisions:
- Land fun planning and allocation shall be required for gas supply stations and gas distribution pipelines depending on urban demands;
- Gas transmission pipelines with a maximum working pressure above 7 bar must not be planned to travel through centers of urban areas;
- Planning for gas distribution pipelines shall take into account shared placement in trench or tunnel works;
- Where maximum working pressure of a pipeline is equal to or lower than 7 bar, velocity of gas moving in the pipeline must not exceed 30 m/s;
- Gas transmission pipes shall be placed underground; above-ground pipe placement is only allowed to cross water bodies or other man-made structures. Underground steel pipes must be protected from corrosion. Underground gas transmission pipe segments that cross roads on which motorized vehicles operate shall be contained in protective casings;
- Pipeline structures must be able to withstand load imposed by pressure of contained gas, pipe weight, accessory weight, ground pressure, water pressure, load of trains, automobiles, buoyancy, other primary loads; temperature change, ground vibration or earthquake, impact of waves, tides, load imposed by other work items onto pipelines and stresses caused by other loads;
- Posts and markers signifying pressure and contact phone number shall be installed along underground gas transmission pipes.
2.3.9.2 Underground pipes in urban areas
2.3.9.2.1 Gate valves shall be required at the following positions on pipelines: before connection to supply pipes of buildings; before and after depressurization valves; before and after pipe segments crossing water and railways or pipe segments intersecting with other work items whose operation may affect integrity of the intersecting pipe segments. Gate valves shall be installed in a way that areas can be isolated for the purpose of maintenance, repair (gas discharge, installation, airtight test), or incident handling.
2.3.9.2.2 Where underground pipes are placed below footpaths, the minimum spacing from the topmost point of pipes to footpath surface shall be 0,6 m.
2.3.9.2.3 Where underground pipes are placed below roads or intersecting with roads on which motorized vehicles operate, the minimum distance from the topmost point of pipes to road surface shall be 0,8 m.
2.3.9.2.4 Where the required depth of pipe placement is not met, extra protection measures shall be taken in form of placing pipes in casings or other external protective structures.
2.3.9.2.5 Underground gas pipes shall be at least 0,3 m away from domestic water supply pipes, electricity pipes, and communication pipes.
2.3.9.3 Pipes parallel to railroad
2.3.9.3.1 Minimum separation distance from the outermost point of pipes to the centerline of railroad shall be 4 m.
2.3.9.3.2 The separation distance requirement above is not mandatory where railroads are adjacent to roads if:
- The pipes are located where they are not affected by train load;
- The pipes are protected by appropriate protective structures to minimize the effect caused by train load;
- Railroad load has been taken into account and integrated in calculation of pipe structures.
2.3.9.4 Pipes intersecting with railroad
2.3.9.4.1 Gas supply pipes can be placed underground or on overpass for the purpose of intersecting railroad.
2.3.9.4.2 Minimum separation distance from the topmost point of pipe segments protected by casings to railroads shall be 1,7 m.
2.3.9.5 Pipes crossing rivers
2.3.9.5.1 For the purpose of crossing rivers, pipes can be placed on bridges. Where placement of pipes on bridges is in possible, pipes can be placed below bridges in a manner that minimum separation distance from the outermost point of pipes to depth of river bed shall be 4 m. the aforementioned separation distance shall be at least 2,5 m where pipes cross waterways.
2.3.9.5.2 Where pipes cross rivers or waterways, the pipes must be placed in casings or appropriate protective structures depending on gas pressure and protected from destruction caused by buoyancy of casings/protective structures or anchoring of watercrafts.
2.3.9.6 Pipes installed in the same space as other technical infrastructures must adhere to QCVN 7-3:2023/BXD and relevant field-specific regulations.
2.4 Electricity supply and lightning protection system
2.4.1 Electricity supply
2.4.1.1 Electric wires, cables, and equipment in petroleum stations and gas stations must conform to QCVN 01:2012/BCT and QCVN 01:2020/BCT.
2.4.1.2 Mini generators are allowed as backup power supply. Exhausts of generators must be outfitted with spark arrestor and insulated coatings.
2.4.1.3 Electric cables installed in petroleum and gas stations shall meet fire safety requirements appropriate to fire risk zoning; electric cables must not be placed in the same trenches where petroleum and gas transmission pipes are installed.
2.4.1.4 Grounding system of petroleum and gas stations shall have maximum grounding resistance of 4 Ω. All metal non-charged components of electrical equipment and pump columns shall be connected to safe grounding system.
2.4.2 Lightning protection
2.4.2 Tank clusters shall be protected against direct lightning strikes. Where breather valves are installed at a defined elevation and beyond coverage of lightning protection of adjacent works, breather valves shall be protected from direct lightning strikes by equipotentially connected lightning arresters where lightning rods are at least 5 m away from breather valves.
2.4.2.2 Other work items of petroleum and gas stations must also be protected by direct lightning strike protection system.
2.4.2.3 Maximum grounding resistance of direct lightning strike protection system shall be 10 Ω.
2.4.2.4 Where petroleum and gas are transferred to tanks, cylinders in petroleum and gas stations, grounding and station protection shall be provided for all equipment involved in the transfer process.
2.4.2.5 For the purpose of protection against lightning-induced surge and static, grounding system shall be outfitted with protection against lightning-induced surge and static. Grounding resistance of said system shall not exceed 10 Ω.
2.4.2.6 Grounding resistance of safe grounding system shall not exceed 4 Ω. All metal non-charged components of electrical appliances and pump columns shall be connected to safe grounding system.
2.4.2.7 Grounding system shall be at least 5 m away from direct lightning strike protection system.
2.4.2.8 Where safe grounding system is connected to direct lightning strike system, grounding resistance shall not exceed 1 Ω.
2.5 Maintenance
Petroleum and gas supply works and work items shall be periodically maintained or replaced throughout useful life in order to perform design functionalities.
3.1 Transition clauses
3.1.1 Investment projects approved prior to the effective period of this Regulation shall adhere to regulations applicable as of the date on which said projects are approved; individuals deciding on investment reserve the right to apply this Regulation.
3.1.2 Investment construction projects that are approved from the effective date hereof shall conform to this Regulation.
3.2 Local construction authorities are responsible for inspecting compliance with this Regulation in production, appraisal, approval, and management of building design and construction.
3.3 Ministry of Construction is responsible for publicizing and providing guidelines on application of this Regulation for relevant entities. Difficulties that arise during implementation of this Regulation shall be submitted to the Technical Infrastructure Department, Ministry of Construction.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - LIGHTING WORKS
1.1 Scope
1.1.1 This Regulation prescribes technical requirements and management requirements that must be adhered to in investment, construction, renovation, and upgrade of lighting works of urban roads, tunnels, underpasses, conflict areas, roads in residential areas, parkways, gardens, passenger pick-up and drop-off points in stations, ports, coach stations, outdoor parking lots.
1.1.2 Provisions under this Regulation do not apply to: roads in industrial parks; total lighting for squares, stations, airports; indoor and outdoor sports yards.
1.1.3 Equipment of lighting works include: electrical substations, lamp poles, wires, control cabinets, and other lighting works not regulated by this document.
1.2 Regulated entities
This Regulation applies to organizations, individuals relevant to investment in construction, renovation, upgrade, and operational management of lighting works.
1.3 Reference documents
Reference documents below are necessary for the application of this Regulation. If reference documents are amended or replaced, the new versions shall prevail.
QCVN 02:2022/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Physical Natural and Climatic data for Construction.
1.4 Definitions
In the Regulation, the terms below are construed as follows:
1.4.1
Emergency lighting
Refers to lighting that is maintained during an emergency, such as failure of electricity supply.
1.4.2
Luminous intensity
Refers to a ratio of luminous flux of a light source transmitting in a solid angle containing a given direction (α direction) to function of the solid angle.
1.4.3
Luminance
Refers to a ratio of luminous intensity emitted from a point on the surface of a light source (or secondary light source) to area projected perpendicular to the direction of observation.
1.4.4
Average road surface luminance
Refers to the average luminance calculated on road surface.
1.4.5
Overall luminance uniformity
Refers to a ratio of minimum luminance (Lmin) to average luminance (Ltb) of the entire road surface.
1.4.6
Longitudinal luminance uniformity
Refers to a ratio of minimum luminance (Lmin) to maximum luminance (Lmax) along the length of road surface.
1.4.7
Illuminance
Refers to a ratio of luminous flux of the light falling toward a surface to area of the surface.
1.4.8
Illuminance uniformity of the road surface
Refers to a ratio of minimum illuminance (Emin) to average illuminance (Etb) of road surface.
1.4.9
Vertical hemicylindrical illuminance or hemicylindrical illuminance
Refers to the average illuminance on the surface of a vertical semicylinder. In respect of footpaths, vertical illuminance is measured at a height of 1,5 m from the surface.
1.4.10
Average illuminance of the road surface
Refers to the average illuminance calculated on road surface.
1.4.11
Threshold increment
Refers to percentage increase in contrast required between an object and its background for the object to be seen equally well with a source of glare present.
1.4.12
Motorized traffic
Refers to traffic consisting solely of motorized vehicles (automobiles, motorbikes).
1.4.13
Mixed traffic
Refers to traffic consisting of motorized vehicles, pedestrians, and cyclists.
1.4.14
Luminous efficacy
Refers to a ratio of luminous flux emitted by a light source to electrical power consumed by the source.
1.4.15
Stopping distance
Refers to a distance necessary to bring a vehicle moving at design speed to a complete stop in front of tunnel entrance. Stopping distance is the length of tunnel access zone.
1.4.16
Discomfort glare
Refers to glare that causes discomfort without necessarily impairing the vision of objects due to appearance of high brightness in field of view.
1.4.17
Traffic flow
Refers to number of vehicles passing a specific position in a single direction in a selected hour.
1.4.18
Luminous flux
Refers to a measure of the total amount of light a light source puts out.
1.4.19
Visual adaptation
Refers to a change in light sensitivity or perception of the human eyes when moving in spaces with varying luminance. Light adaptation occurs when moving to places with higher luminance. Dark adaptation occurs when moving to places with lower luminance.
1.4.20
Speed limit
Refers to maximum speed allowed on a definite road segments.
1.4.21
Design speed
Refers to speed selected for a specific purpose when designing a road.
1.4.22
Surround illuminance ratio
Refers to a ratio of average illuminance on sidewalks (up to 5m in width) to average illuminance of neighboring lanes.
1.4.23
Conflict area
Refer to an area where flows of motorized vehicles intersect (junctions) or an area where motorized vehicles meet pedestrians, cyclists, or other road users (squares, public playgrounds in urban areas).
1.5 Symbol
Iα |
luminous intensity, cd |
L |
luminance, cd/m2 |
Ltb |
average road surface luminance, cd/m2 |
Uo |
overall luminance uniformity |
Ud |
longitudinal luminance uniformity |
Uo(E) |
illuminance uniformity of the road surface |
E |
illuminance, lx |
Ebt |
vertical hemicylindrical illuminance or hemicylindrical illuminance, lx |
En |
average illuminance of the road surface, lx |
TI |
threshold increment, % |
Φ |
luminous flux, lm |
SD |
stopping distance, m |
SR |
surround illuminance ratio |
2.1 General requirements
2.1.1 Lighting works shall conform to approved construction planning, urban planning, urban or residential design; ensure safety for traffic and security in urban and residential areas, convenient in management and operation of lighting works, fire safety and efficient energy consumption.
2.1.2 Equipment and materials used in lighting works shall meet quantitative and qualitative standard parameters defined in regulations depending on subjects of lighting.
2.1.3 Lighting works shall meet strength, stability, and safety requirements throughout useful life under the effect of natural conditions in accordance with QCVN 02:2022/BXD.
2.2 Road lighting for motorized vehicles at night
2.2.1 Road lighting requirements
2.2.1.1 Road lighting must reveal all characteristics of roads and traffic and enable vehicle operators to visually perceive information from constantly changing scenery and safety operate vehicles at design speed.
2.2.1.2 Lighting system shall, in addition to providing adequate light as per the law, be directional to enable vehicle operators to be aware of directions.
2.2.2 Criteria of road lighting system
2.2.2.1 Lighting requirements for roads for motorized vehicles are specified under Schedule 1.
Schedule 1 - Lighting requirements for road types for motorized vehicles
Road level |
Properties |
Average luminance (Ltb), cd/m2 |
Overall luminance uniformity (Uo) |
Longitudinal luminance uniformity (Ud) |
Maximum threshold increment (TI), % |
Surround illuminance ratio (SR) |
A. Urban expressway |
High speed, high traffic flow, no non-motorized vehicles |
2,0 |
0,4 |
0,7 |
10 |
0,5 |
B. Arterial roads, urban collector roads, inter-regional roads |
With medians |
1,5 |
0,4 |
0,7 |
10 |
0,5 |
Without medians |
2,0 |
0,4 |
0,7 |
10 |
0,5 |
|
C. Regional roads accompanied by mercantile activities |
With medians |
1,0 |
0,4 |
0,6 |
15 |
0,5 |
Without medians |
1,5 |
0,4 |
0,6 |
15 |
0,5 |
|
D. Regional-level roads |
Lighting conditions on sidewalks: |
|
|
|
|
|
- light |
0,7 |
0,3 |
0,4 |
20 |
0,5 |
|
- dark |
0,5 |
0,3 |
0,4 |
20 |
0,5 |
|
E. Internal roads |
|
0,3 |
0,3 |
0,4 |
20 |
0,5 |
2.2.2.2 For the purpose of preventing discomfort glare caused by light reflecting from wet road surface, only lights whose maximum luminous intensity (Imax) is limited to 0o to 65o are used for road lighting.
2.3 Tunnel lighting for motorized vehicles and mixed traffic
2.3.1 Lighting for tunnels of varying lengths
2.3.1.1 Lighting demands for long and short tunnels are different and dependent on whether vehicle operators can see tunnel exits through the tunnels from tunnel access zones.
2.3.1.2 Artificial lighting during daytime is not required where tunnels are shorter than 25 m in length.
2.3.1.3 Lighting during daytime equivalent to 50 % of the lighting at tunnel threshold zone (see 2.3.4.2) shall be required where tunnels are 25 m to 75 m in length.
2.3.1.4 Artificial lighting during daytime shall always be required where tunnels are greater than 75 m in length. Requirements for daytime lighting of tunnels are specified under 2.3.2, 2.3.3 and 2.3.4.
2.3.2 Classification of daytime lighting in tunnels
Daytime lighting demands in tunnels are classified into 4 levels dependent on traffic characteristics (only motorized vehicles or mixed traffic) and traffic flow in Schedule 2. Traffic flow is determined by number of vehicles per hour per lane during rush hours and is categorized into high, moderate, or low according to Schedule 3.
Schedule 2 - Daytime lighting levels in tunnels
Lighting level |
Traffic flow |
|||||
High |
Moderate |
Low |
||||
Mixed traffic |
Motorized vehicle traffic |
Mixed traffic |
Motorized vehicle traffic |
Mixed traffic |
Motorized vehicle traffic |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
2 |
|
|
|
x |
x |
|
3 |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
4 |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
NOTE: The symbol (x) indicates lighting level corresponding to traffic characteristics and flow. |
Schedule 3 - Classification of traffic flow
Traffic flow level |
Vehicle/hour 1) |
|
One-lane road |
Two-lane road |
|
High |
> 1 500 |
> 400 |
Moderate |
≥ 500; ≤ 1 500 |
≥ 100; ≤ 400 |
Low |
< 500 |
< 100 |
1) Number of vehicles per hour per lane in rush hours. |
||
NOTE: Where lanes on a road are not physically separated, number of vehicles per hour per lane can be determined by dividing number of vehicles during rush hours by total number of lanes. Where actual traffic distribution of a direction on two-way roads cannot be defined, it is possible to assume the worst situation where the direction with more traffic accounts for two-thirds of the total traffic flow. The traffic flow is then divided by number of lanes in these roads. |
2.3.3 Zoning for daytime lighting in tunnels
2.3.3.1 To better suit visual adaptation of vehicle operators while driving in tunnels, lighting system in tunnels is divided into 6 zones with different lighting demands consisting of 4 zones in tunnels and 2 zones outside of tunnels (Figure 1).
Figure 1 - Six lighting zones in tunnels
2.3.3.2 Access zone is located in front of the tunnel and of a length equal to stopping distance which is dependent on design speed under Schedule 4.
Schedule 4 - Stopping distance (SD) by design speed
Design speed, km/h |
Stopping distance, m |
120 |
215 |
100 |
160 |
85 |
120 |
70 |
90 |
60 |
70 |
50 |
50 |
NOTE 1: Design speed means speed that is in effect while the tunnel is used normally. In respect of irregular situation, such as congestion, design speed does not apply. NOTE 2: Where design speed is below 50 km/h, SD equals 50 m. |
2.3.3.3 Tunnel threshold zone refers to the first tunnel segment after entering the tunnel and equals stopping distance in length. Length of other zones in a tunnel shall be determined depending in luminance requirements under 2.3.4.3 and 2.3.4.4.
2.3.4 Luminance requirements of tunnel zones during daytime
Lighting requirements in tunnels shall be determined by luminance of zones and walls of tunnels (L). Zones inside tunnels shall be subject to overall luminance uniformity (Uo) and longitudinal luminance uniformity (Ud) of road surface. These criteria are not fixed but instead dependent on traffic characteristics of the tunnel and outside lighting environment.
2.3.4.1 Luminance of tunnel access zones (L20)
Luminance of tunnel access zones must be measured during the time of the year in which it is at the highest and in a field of view in cone shape with 20o of apex angle originating from vehicle operator’s eyes while the operator is looking at the center of tunnel entrance at the beginning of tunnel access zone.
2.3.4.2 Luminance of tunnel threshold zone (LCV)
2.3.4.2.1 Luminance of tunnel entrance shall be reasonably proportionate to luminance of tunnel access zone in order to match visual adaptation of vehicle operators passing through tunnel entrance and determined by luminance of tunnel access zone and by using formula (1).
LCV = k x L20 |
(1) |
in which: k is determined by 2.3.4.2.2.
2.3.4.2.2 Value of k conforms to Schedule 5 depending on lighting level in tunnels and speed limit of traffic in tunnels.
Schedule 5 - Value of k depending on lighting level in tunnels and speed limit of traffic
Lighting level in tunnel |
k corresponding to speed limit, km/h |
||
50 ÷ 70 |
80 ÷ 100 |
110 ÷ 120 |
|
4 |
0,05 |
0,06 |
0,10 |
3 |
0,04 |
0,05 |
0,07 |
2 |
0,03 |
0,04 |
0,05 |
1 |
0,02 |
0,03 |
0,04 |
NOTE: If speed limit is below 50 km/h, value of k is determined by speed limit of (50 ÷ 70) km/h |
2.3.4.2.3 Luminance of tunnel threshold zone shall be maintained during daytime throughout a length equal to 0,5 SD from tunnel entrance as depicted in Figure 2. From a distance equal to half of SD, luminance will reduce in a linear fashion to the value at the end of tunnel threshold zone which is 0,4 LCV. Reduction of luminance in the later half of tunnel threshold zone can be done in steps. However, luminance must not be lower than values corresponding to the curve in Figure 2.
2.3.4.3 Luminance of transition zone (LCT)
Light will gradually reduce from the beginning of transition zone to the interior zone in a manner that matches dark adaptation of humans. Average road surface luminance at any point in transition zone shall not be lower than luminance in Figure 2.
NOTE: Transition zone immediately follows tunnel threshold zone.
LEGEND
1) 50% the length of tunnel threshold zone equal to 0,5 SD
2) Entirety of length of tunnel threshold zone equal to SD
3) Length of transition zone
Figure 2 - Luminance distribution curve on road surface of threshold zone and transition zone
2.3.4.4 Luminance (LTR) and luminance uniformity (Uo and Ud) of interior zone.
2.3.4.4.1 Average value of road surface luminance in interior zone must not be lower than values under Schedule 6 corresponding to lighting level of tunnels and speed limit of traffic.
Schedule 6 - Road surface luminance in interior zone (LTR)
Lighting level in tunnel |
Average luminace, cd/m2 by speed limit, km/h |
||
50 ÷ 70 |
80 ÷ 100 |
110 ÷ 120 |
|
4 |
3 |
6 |
10 |
3 |
2 |
4 |
6 |
2 |
1,5 |
2 |
4 |
1 |
- |
0,5 |
1,5 |
NOTE: If speed limit is below 50 km/h, value of LTR is determined by speed limit of (50 ÷ 70) km/h |
2.3.4.4.2 Luminance uniformity of tunnel interior zone (Uo and Ud) must not be lower than values in Schedule 7 corresponding to lighting level of tunnels.
Schedule 7 - Luminance uniformity of road surface in tunnel interior zone
Tunnel lighting level |
Overall uniformity, Uo |
Longitudinal uniformity, Ud |
4 |
≥ 0,4 |
≥ 0,7 |
3 |
≥ 0,4 |
≥ 0,6 |
2 |
≥ 0,4 |
≥ 0,6 |
1 |
- |
- |
2.3.4.4.3 Overall luminance uniformity (Uo) must be calculated for the entire width of road in the direction of traffic and emergency lanes (if any).
2.3.4.4.4 Longitudinal luminance uniformity (Ud) must be calculated for each lane, including emergency lane.
2.3.4.5 Luminance of exit zone (LCR)
At the exit zone, visual adaptation to higher luminance (light adaptation) occurs at a rapid pace thus additional lighting is not required.
2.3.4.6 Lighting demands for walls of tunnels
2.3.4.6.1 In respect of tunnels with lighting level 4, average luminance of tunnel walls at a height of 2 m or lower must not be lower than average road surface luminance at the same position.
2.3.4.6.1 In respect of tunnels with lighting level 2 or 3, average luminance of tunnel walls at a height of 2 m or lower must not be lower than 60 % of average road surface luminance at the same position.
2.3.4.6.3 In respect of tunnels with lighting level 1, luminance requirement for tunnel wall is not imposed. However, average illuminance requirement of tunnel walls at a height of 2 m or lower must not be lower than 25 % of the average road surface illuminance at the same position.
2.3.5 Required luminance in tunnels at nighttime
During nighttime, lighting conditions are the same inside and outside of tunnels; the required lighting in tunnels during nighttime is lower than that during nighttime and all zones must be equally lit. Road surface luminance during nighttime in tunnels must at least equal luminance of tunnel access in Schedule 1.
2.4 Lighting for outdoor footpaths and bicycle paths
2.4.1 Lighting for footpaths and bicycle paths shall take into account speed, flow, characteristics of the paths in different positions in urban areas or residential areas.
2.4.2 Required lighting is depends on average and minimum road surface illuminance (En,tb and En,min) and hemicylindrical illuminance (Ebt) under Schedule 8.
Schedule 8 - Required lighting for footpaths and bicycle paths
Road type |
Road surface illuminance, lx |
Hemicylindrical illuminance (Ebt), lx |
|
Average, En,tb |
Minimum, En,min |
||
1. Mercantile street with mixed traffic |
|
|
|
- Special urban areas and type I and type II urban areas |
25 |
10 |
10 |
- Type III, type IV, and type V urban areas |
20 |
8 |
8 |
2. Mercantile street for foot travel |
|
|
|
- Special urban areas and type I and type II urban areas |
15 |
5 |
5 |
- Type III, type IV, and type V urban areas |
10 |
3 |
4 |
3. Footpaths and bicycle paths in parks, gardens, other areas with crowd density: |
|
|
|
- High (> 6 people/10 m2 of road surface) |
15 |
5 |
5 |
- Average (3 ÷ 6 people/10 m2 of road surface) |
8 |
4 |
3 |
- Low (≤ 2 people/10 m2 of road surface) |
5 |
2 |
2 |
4. Stairs and overpasses |
40 |
20 |
10 |
2.5 Tunnel lighting for pedestrians and cyclists
2.5.1 Tunnels for pedestrians and cyclists shall have separate lighting regulations for daytime and nighttime.
2.5.2 Required lighting is depends on average and minimum road surface illuminance (En,tb and En,min) and hemicylindrical illuminance (Ebt) under Schedule 9.
Schedule 9 - Required tunnel illuminance for pedestrians and cyclists
Daytime |
Nighttime |
||||
En,tb, lx |
En,min, lx |
Ebt, lx |
En,tb, lx |
En,min, lx |
Ebt, lx |
100 |
50 |
25 |
40 |
20 |
10 |
2.6 Lighting in conflict areas
2.6.1 Conflict areas under this regulation where lighting is required include junctions, walkways in squares, and public playgrounds in urban areas.
2.6.2 Lighting requirements include criteria regarding luminance, illuminance of road surface, uniformity of illuminance and hemicylindrical illuminance depending on road level under Schedule 1.
2.6.3 Luminance of conflict areas must be one level higher (0,5 cd/m2 more) than the highest luminance of roads leading to the conflict areas.
2.6.4 Illuminance of conflict areas is determined by average road surface illuminance (En,tb), illuminance uniformity, Uo(E) and hemicylindrical (Ebt) under Schedule 10.
2.6.5 Squares and public playgrounds are not required to be entirely lit, even during festivals, holidays, and crowded days.
Schedule 10 - Required road surface illuminance in conflict areas
Location of conflict area by road level |
Average illuminance (En,tb), lx |
Illuminance uniformity, Uo(E) |
Hemicylindrical luminance (Ebt), lx |
- Road of level A - Road of level B - Road of level C |
30 |
0,4 |
10 |
- Road of level D - Road of level E |
20 |
0,4 |
5 |
2.7 Lighting for roads near airports and railway crossings
2.7.1 Lighting in areas close to airports must not be mistaken as take-off and landing signals of airports.
2.7.2 Lighting at railway crossings
2.7.2.1 Sufficient lighting must be provided so that vehicle operators are able to, while at a stationary position, be able to discern vehicles, paths, obstacles, and pedestrians.
2.7.2.2 Vertical illuminance must be adequate to enable identification of signs according to Schedule 10. Color of traffic lights must not be mistaken as that of railway signals.
2.7.2.3 Within 30 m to both sides of crossings, luminance and luminance uniformity of road surface must be 10 % higher than those of adjacent road surfaces according to Schedule 1.
2.8 Lighting of parkways and gardens
2.8.1 Lighting in parkways and gardens must serve urban security and safety and crime prevention.
2.8.2 Footpaths and bicycle paths in parks and gardens must receive lighting with average road surface illuminance (En,tb), minimum road surface illuminance (En), and hemicylindrical illuminance (Ebt) under Schedule 8 depending on people density.
2.9 Lighting for station platforms, ports, coach stations, and outdoor parking lots
Lighting for station platforms, ports, and coach stations shall be provided with average and minimum illuminance on road surface (En) and hemicylindrical illuminance (Ebt) to ensure passenger safety and security in accordance with Schedule 11.
Schedule 11 - Lighting requirements in station platforms, ports, coach stations, and outdoor parking lots
Lighting subjects |
Road surface illuminance (En), lx |
Hemicylindrical luminance (Ebt), lx |
|
Average |
Minimum |
||
1. Inside of urban areas |
30 |
10 |
10 |
2. Outside of urban areas |
20 |
5 |
5 |
2.10 Lighting for subway stations and elevated tram stations
Lighting requirements where passengers wait and board trains depend on average and minimum horizontal surface illuminance for both daytime and nighttime when station building is closed or open to daylight according to Schedule 12.
Schedule 12 - Average and minimum horizontal surface illuminance in tram stations
Characteristics of station building |
Daytime |
Nighttime |
||
En,tb, lx |
En,min, lx |
En,tb, lx |
En,min, lx |
|
1. Open to daylight |
- |
- |
50 |
30 |
2. Closed |
200 |
100 |
100 |
50 |
2.11 Energy effectiveness and environment
Lights must have high luminous efficacy and bear energy rating label as per the law. Lighting fixtures that use solar power or wind power are recommended.
2.12 Maintenance
Lighting works and work items must be periodically maintained throughout use period in order to perform design functionalities.
3.1 Transition clauses
3.1.1 Investment projects approved prior to the effective period of this Regulation shall adhere to regulations applicable as of the date on which said projects are approved; individuals deciding on investment reserve the right to apply this Regulation.
3.1.2 Investment construction projects that are approved from the effective date hereof shall conform to this Regulation.
3.2 Local construction authorities are responsible for inspecting compliance with this Regulation in production, appraisal, approval, and management of building design and construction.
3.3 Ministry of Construction is responsible for publicizing and providing guidelines on application of this Regulation for relevant entities. Difficulties that arise during implementation of this Regulation shall be submitted to the Technical Infrastructure Department, Ministry of Construction.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - TELECOMMUNICATION WORKS
1.1 Scope
This Regulation prescribes technical requirements and mandatory management requirements in investment, construction, renovation, and upgrade of telecommunication works.
1.2 Regulated entities
This Regulation applies to organizations and individuals relevant to investment, construction, renovation, and upgrade of telecommunication works.
1.3 Reference documents
Reference documents below are necessary for the application of this Regulation. If reference documents are amended or replaced, the new versions shall prevail.
QCVN 02:2022/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Physical Natural and Climatic data for Construction;
QCVN 06:2022/BXD, National Technical Regulations - Fire safety for buildings and structures;
Amendment 1:2023 of QCVN 06:2022/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Fire Safety of Buildings and Constructions;
QCVN 07-3:2023/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Technical Infrastructure System - Trench and Tunnel Works;
QCVN 08:2010/BTTTT, National Technical Regulation on Electromagnetic Exposure from Public Land Mobile Base Stations;
QCVN 09:2016/BTTTT, National Technical Regulation on Earthling for Telecommunications Stations;
QCVN 32:2020/BTTTT, National Technical Regulations on Lightning Protection for Telecommunication Stations and Outside Cable Network;
QCVN 33:2019/BTTTT, National Technical Regulation on Installation of outside telecommunication cable network;
QCVN 78:2014/BTTTT, National Technical Regulation on Electromagnetic Exposure from Radio and Television Stations.
1.4 Definitions
In the Regulation, the terms below are construed as follows:
1.4.1
Cable jointing chamber
Refers to an underground chamber serving installation of cables, storage of sleeves, and cable reserve.
1.4.2
Telecommunication works
Refer to structures consisting of passive telecommunication infrastructures (building, station, mast, duct, chamber) and network equipment installed thereto.
1.4.3
Cable duct
Refers to pipe segments connected to one another and buried underground to protect and carry cables.
1.4.4
Antenna mast
Refers to a pole structure built to accommodate antennae for transmission and reception of radio frequency (not including antennae for radio and television signal reception of households).
1.4.5
Trench
Refers to an underground line works with small dimensions for installations of cables, wires, and ducts.
1.4.6
Cable vault
Refers to a chamber with adequate dimensions to accommodate personnel installing, repairing, and performing maintenance (and usually consists of tapered top section, shoulders, chute, and cover).
1.4.7
Cable manhole
Refers to a chamber with smaller dimensions and without tapered top section and is usually built on branching lines to accommodate connection to cable cabinets, cable boxes, and subscribers.
1.4.8
Telecommunication station
Refers to a building or a similar structure built to accommodate installation of communication equipment.
1.4.9 Tunnel
Refers to an underground line works with sufficiently large dimensions to allow humans to perform installation, repair, and maintenance of equipment and pipelines.
2.1 General requirements
2.1.1 Telecommunication works must adhere to planning approved by competent authority.
2.1.2 Tunnel and trench works accommodating telecommunication network system must adhere to QCVN 07-3:2023/BXD.
2.1.3 Distance from ducts, chambers, manholes, vaults, trenches accommodating telecommunication network to other underground works must meet requirements under QCVN 33:2019/BTTTT.
2.1.4 Structure and materials of telecommunication works must maintain sufficient strength and stability throughout their useful life under the effect of natural conditions and load applied. Natural data used in design and construction must adhere to QCVN 02:2022/BXD.
2.1.5 Telecommunication works must be identifiable as per applicable laws.
2.2 Telecommunication buildings and stations
2.2.1 Telecommunication buildings and stations must meet strength and stability requirements under applicable laws.
2.2.2 Facility and foundation structures must be calculated using the most unfavorable load and load combinations, including prolonged destructive load.
2.2.3 Telecommunication buildings and stations must have at least fire resistance category II in accordance with QCVN 06:2022/BXD and Amendment 01:2023 of QCVN 06:2022/BXD.
2.2.4 Lightning protection and grounding requirements shall adhere to QCVN 09:2016/BTTTT and QCVN 32:2020/BTTTT.
2.3 Antenna mast
2.3.1 Antenna structures must be calculated using the most unfavorable load and load combinations, including prolonged destructive load.
2.3.2 Height of antenna masts must meet aviation safety requirements in accordance with relevant laws.
2.3.3 Distance and positioning between antenna masts shall adhere to passive telecommunication planning of provinces and cities.
2.3.4 Antenna masts on sidewalks, in parks, squares, playgrounds, areas with high environmental and scenery requirements, etc. must be decorated (as trees, clock towers) or integrated in multipurpose poles (lamp poles, advertising poles) in a manner appropriate to scenery and environmentally friendly.
2.3.5 Signal transmission and reception system installed on antenna masts must meet electromagnetic exposure requirements under QCVN 08:2010/BTTTT, QCVN 78:2014/BTTTT.
2.3.6 Lightning protection requirements must conform to QCVN 32:2020/BTTTT.
2.4 Cable chambers, ducts, vaults
2.4.1 Minimum depth from surface of roads, sidewalks, medians to the topmost plastic pipe must conform to QCVN 33:2019/BTTTT.
2.4.2 Minimum distance from the bottom of cable chambers to the lowest point of the bottommost plastic pipes must be 200 mm.
2.4.3 Minimum separation distance between adjacent plastic pipes must be 30 mm.
2.4.4 Chamber covers must be at the same elevation as roads and sidewalks and safe for humans and transportation.
2.5 Cable network in urban areas
2.5.1 The design and construction of cable network in urban areas must accommodate communication and television infrastructures.
2.5.2 Cable network system must be undergrounding. Underground cable ducts, chambers, vaults, manholes shall share infrastructures. A minimum of 2 cable feeder bays entering urban areas and communication (telecommunication and television) cable distribution panels must be installed and calculated to adequately provide services.
2.5.3 Cable networks must accommodate a minimum of 1 standby optic cable in each household (cables are installed at standby position in living room with an excess of 3 m or a minimum excess of 20 m at a convenient position in a dwelling unit), be connected to panels, cabinets, boxes, technical rooms of apartment building (and connected to internet service providers depending on use demand of the household) in case of households in apartment buildings or connected to cable cabinets, boxes of telecommunication enterprises in residential areas, urban areas, and roads in case of households in new residential areas, urban areas.
2.5.4 Design and installation of communication, telecommunication system must ensure safety and convenience for use, connection with services of service providers, facilitate replacement, repair, and separation distance to other technical ducts.
2.6 Maintenance
2.6.1 Telecommunication works and work items must be periodically maintained and repaired during useful life in order to perform design functionalities.
2.6.2 Actions must be promptly taken where works show signs of dangers and/or loss of safety in operation, use, or structural failure as per relevant law provisions.
3.1 Transition clauses
3.1.1 Investment projects approved prior to the effective period of this Regulation shall adhere to regulations applicable as of the date on which said projects are approved; individuals deciding on investment reserve the right to apply this Regulation.
3.1.2 Investment construction projects that are approved from the effective date hereof shall conform to this Regulation.
3.2 Local construction authorities are responsible for inspecting compliance with this Regulation in production, appraisal, approval, and management of building design and construction.
3.3 Ministry of Construction is responsible for publicizing and providing guidelines on application of this Regulation for relevant entities. Difficulties that arise during implementation of this Regulation shall be submitted to the Technical Infrastructure Department, Ministry of Construction.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - SOLID WASTE COLLECTION, TREATMENT WORKS AND PUBLIC TOILET
1.1 Scope
This Regulation prescribes mandatory technical requirements and management requirements to be met in investment, construction, renovation, and upgrade of solid waste collection, treatment works and public toilet.
1.2 Regulated entities
This Regulation applies to organizations and individuals relevant to investment, construction, renovation, and upgrade of solid waste collection, treatment works and public toilet.
1.3 Reference documents
Reference documents below are necessary for the application of this Regulation. If reference documents are amended or replaced, the new versions shall prevail.
QCVN 10:2014/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Construction for Accessibility for persons with disabilities;
QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Hazardous Waste Limit;
QCVN 25:2009/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Wastewater of Solid Waste Landfills;
QCVN 61-MT:2016/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators;
QCVN 01:2011/BYT, National technical regulation on Hygienic conditions for Latrines.
1.4 Definitions
In the Regulation, the terms below are construed as follows:
1.4.1
Solid waste collection and treatment system
Refers to a combination of works serving consolidation, transportation, recycling, treatment, and burial of solid wastes.
1.4.2
Material Recovery Facility (MRF)
Refers to a stationary transfer station capable of receiving wastes, segregating, retrieving recycled components of wastes, and transferring the remaining parts to treatment areas or landfills.
1.4.3
Municipal solid waste transfer station
Refers to a facility where municipal solid wastes are directly loaded onto oversized vehicles or pressed by compressing equipment to be loaded on large vehicles or into parcels for transportation to treatment areas or landfills.
1.4.4
Solid waste treatment facility
Refers to a combination of land, factory, technology line, equipment, and auxiliary works serving solid waste treatment and recycling.
1.4.5
Concentrated waste treatment site
Refers to an area where concentrated treatment of waste type or types occurs, including municipal solid wastes, regular industrial solid wastes, hazardous wastes, and other solid wastes except for co-incineration of waste and grouping treatment of biomedical wastes. Concentrated waste treatment sites can be waste treatment facility or facilities, landfill or landfills.
1.4.6
Hygienic solid waste landfill
Refers to an area that is planned, designed, and built in accordance with regulations and functionalities in order to bury regular solid wastes. Landfills consist of burial sites, buffer zones, and auxiliary works such as: wastewater treatment stations, electricity and water supply stations, weighing stations, coordinating offices, and other work items.
1.4.7
Hazardous solid waste landfill
Refers to an area planned, design, and built to bury hazardous wastes that are discarded or preliminarily treated to fit burial purposes.
1.4.8
Public toilet
Refers to a stationary or mobile work consisting at least a restroom and hand washing area.
2.1 General requirements
2.1.1 Investment and construction of solid waste collection, treatment works must conform to planning approved by competent authority and take into account the impact of climate change and rising sea level.
2.1.2 Public toilet must conform to planning approved by competent authority and general scenery of the area. Where areas have special urban aesthetic value or limited land fund, stationary transfer station for solid wastes and underground public toilet are allowed.
2.1.3 Solid waste treatment works and public toilets must meet quality requirements and environmental protection requirements throughout useful life as per applicable laws.
2.1.4 Location of public toilets must facilitate septic tank emptying.
2.1.5 Traffic system in solid waste treatment facilities must allow vehicles in treatment sites to operate conveniently, turn around easily, avoid collision, reach functioning areas in treatment facilities and meet fire safety requirements as per the law.
2.1.6 Firefighting and fire suppression system in solid waste transfer station, solid waste treatment facilities, concentrated solid waste treatment sites must meet regulations on fire safety for buildings and constructions.
2.1.7 Works serving solid waste collection and treatment must adhere to lightning protection requirements in accordance with applicable laws.
2.1.8 Work items in solid waste treatment facilities, concentrated waste treatment sites must be positioned in a way that meets functionality and safety requirements in operation process.
2.2 Municipal solid waste transfer station
2.2.1 Transfer stations in urban areas must accommodate waste reception areas with sufficient space to allow vehicles to park and unload wastes. Reception areas must be enclosed to minimize contamination, odors, and insects.
2.2.2 Non-stationary transfer stations must accommodate waste reception areas with sufficient space to allow vehicles to park and unload wastes in a manner that minimize contamination and odors.
2.2.3 New stationary transfer stations in inner city of special urban areas and urban areas of type I must be placed in central districts that allow subterranean or semi-subterranean investment and construction of work items (compressing and storage areas below basements, work platforms above-ground, etc.).
2.2.4 Stationary transfer stations must have the following basic work items:
- Weighbridges;
- Technical infrastructures: roofs, walls, yards, internal roads, vehicle washing areas, water supply, wastewater collection and treatment; electricity supply, and other technical infrastructures.
- Segregation and storage areas for recycled materials;
- Storage areas for solid wastes, bulk wastes, hazardous wastes (if any);
- Coordinating buildings, administrative buildings, and other auxiliary works.
2.2.5 MRFs must be incorporated with dust deodorizing and processing system.
2.2.6 Height of stationary transfer stations must not be lower than that of the tallest equipment. Minimum distance from the bottom of bridge crane to the top of objects, equipment shall be 0,5 m.
2.2.7 Architectural materials in stationary transfer stations and structure, arrangement thereof must conform to regulations on environmental hygiene and fire safety.
2.3 Solid waste treatment facilities
2.3.1 Land use ratio in a solid waste treatment facility is determined under Schedule 1.
Schedule 1 - Land use area in solid waste treatment facility
Type - work item |
Land percentage, % |
1. Solid waste recycling facility |
100 |
1.1. Solid waste storage + segregation area before recycling |
≤ 30 |
1.2. Solid waste recycling area |
≤ 20 |
1.3. Coordinating building and other auxiliary works |
≤ 20 |
1.4. Traffic land |
≥ 15 |
1.5. Tree land and water surface |
≥ 15 |
2. Solid waste treatment facility utilizing biological technology |
100 |
2.1. Treatment sites + composting sites + storage units |
≤ 60 |
2.2. Coordinating building and other auxiliary works |
≤ 15 |
2.3. Traffic land |
≥ 10 |
2.4. Tree land and water surface |
≥ 15 |
3. Solid waste incinerator |
100 |
3.1. Incinerators and environmentally friendly works |
≤ 50 |
3.2. Ash, slag landfill |
≤ 10 |
3.3. Coordinating building and other auxiliary works |
≤ 15 |
3.4. Traffic land |
≥ 10 |
3.5. Tree land and water surface |
≥ 15 |
4. Hygienic solid waste landfill |
100 |
4.1. Solid waste burial spots |
≤ 40 |
4.2. Garbage leechate treatment areas. |
≤ 15 |
4.3. Coordinating building and other auxiliary works |
≤ 15 |
4.4. Traffic land |
≥ 10 |
4.5. Tree land and water surface |
≥ 20 |
5. Hazardous waste landfill |
100 |
5.1. Solid waste burial spots |
≤ 40 |
5.2. Garbage leechate treatment areas. |
≤ 10 |
5.3. Coordinating building and other auxiliary works |
≤ 20 |
5.4. Traffic land |
≥ 15 |
5.5. Tree land and water surface |
≥ 15 |
6. Concentrated solid waste treatment site |
100 |
6.1. Functioning works: - Solid waste recycling facility; - Solid waste treatment facility utilizing biological technology; - Solid waste incinerator; - Hygienic solid waste landfill; - Hazardous waste landfill; - Other treatment facilities. |
≤ 65 |
6.2. Coordinating building and other auxiliary works |
≤ 10 |
6.3. Traffic land |
≥ 10 |
6.4. Tree land and water surface |
≥ 15 |
NOTE 1: Requirements under Schedule 1 apply to new investment and construction projects. In respect of renovation, upgrade, investment, construction projects of existing treatment facilities, requirements under Schedule 1 can serve reference purposes. NOTE 2: Buffer tree strips are not required according to QCVN 01:2021/BXD between landfill treatment facilities in concentrated solid waste treatment sites. |
2.3.2 Selection of solid waste treatment technologies shall rely on analysis of physical and chemical components of solid wastes. Analysis data must be updated within a year until the date on which investment project is produced.
2.3.3 Recycling facilities in concentrated solid waste treatment sites must adhere to regulations applicable to concentrated solid wastes treatment sites.
2.3.4 Solid waste treatment facility utilizing biological technology
2.3.4.1 Scale and capacity of solid waste treatment facilities utilizing biological technology are determined by weight and percentage of organic components in wastes.
2.3.4.2 Main functioning areas include:
- Weighing stations: weighbridges, data processing departments;
- Administrative buildings: office, storage, chemical laboratories, guest rooms, sanitary areas;
- Treatment areas: Dry garbage storage, cutting, grinding, segregating, mixing, fermenting, composting, packaging equipment, storage of products retrieved or recycled from solid wastes;
- Technical infrastructures: gates, fences, roads, parking lots, wash racks, repair workshops, water supply, wastewater and leechate collection and treatment, lighting, trees, water surface, scenery.
2.3.4.3 Land use percentage in solid waste treatment facilities utilizing biological technology is determined under Schedule 1.
2.3.5 Municipal solid waste and regular solid waste incinerators
2.3.5.1 Scale and capacity of solid waste incinerators are determined in continuous incineration mode.
2.3.5.2 Solid waste incinerators must be designed and operating on the basis of weight, components, and nature of solid waste, compliant with requirements regarding environmental protection and adaptability of incineration technology.
2.3.5.3 Main functioning areas:
- Garbage weighing stations and reception areas. Garbage weighing system must include weighbridges, data processing departments, transportation mechanisms;
- Coordinating buildings: offices, storage, chemical laboratories, guest rooms, sanitary areas, resting lounges;
- Areas where incinerator system and environmental protection works are installed: smoke, dust processing facilities, ash and slag storage;
- Ash and slag recycling areas;
- Technical infrastructures: gates, fences, roads, yards, parking lots, wash racks, water supply, wastewater collection and treatment, lighting, trees, water surface, scenery, vehicle maintenance facilities, other technical infrastructures.
2.3.5.4 Number of incinerators are calculated depending on scale, type of incinerators, and technical level of operators and specified under Schedule 2.
Schedule 2 - Classification of municipal solid waste, regular solid waste incinerators
Scale |
Capacity, tonne/day |
Number of regularly operating incinerators |
Very large scale |
> 1 000 |
≥ 3 |
Large scale |
> 500; ≤ 1 000 |
≥ 2 |
Moderate scale |
> 100; ≤ 500 |
≥ 1 |
Small scale |
≥ 7,0; ≤ 100 |
≥ 1 |
2.3.5.5 Municipal solid waste incinerators must meet requirements regarding the environment under QCVN 61-MT:2016/BTNMT.
2.3.5.6 Ashes and slags produced by incineration of municipal solid waste and regular wastes that meet requirements regarding environmental protection can be recycled, solidified, and reused.
2.3.5.7 Land use percentage in municipal solid waste and regular solid waste incinerators is determined under Schedule 1.
2.3.6 Other solid waste incinerators (hazardous biomedical wastes and hazardous industrial wastes)
2.3.6.1 Solid waste incinerators must be designed and operating on the basis of weight, components, and nature of solid waste, compliant with requirements regarding environmental protection and adaptability of incineration technology.
2.3.6.2 Main functioning areas:
- Garbage weighing stations and reception areas. Garbage weighing system must include weighbridges, data processing departments, transportation mechanisms;
- Coordinating buildings: offices, storage, chemical laboratories, guest rooms, sanitary areas, resting lounges;
- Areas where incinerator system and environmental protection works are installed: smoke, dust processing facilities, ash and slag storage;
- Ash and slag landfills;
- Technical infrastructures: gates, fences, roads, yards, parking lots, wash racks, water supply, wastewater collection and treatment, lighting, trees, water surface, scenery, vehicle maintenance facilities, other technical infrastructures.
2.3.6.3 Requirements for incinerators:
- Incinerators of hazardous biomedical wastes and industrial wastes must adhere to requirements regarding environmental protection according to applicable laws;
- Ashes, slags, and other solid wastes produced by incinerator operation must be segregated in accordance with QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT in order to managed by appropriate measures as per applicable laws.
2.3.6.4 Land use percentage in other solid waste incinerators (hazardous biomedical wastes and hazardous industrial wastes) is determined under Schedule 1.
2.3.7 Hygienic solid waste landfill
2.3.7.1 Scale of hygienic solid waste landfills is determined under approved planning.
2.3.7.2 Main functioning areas:
- Garbage weighing stations including weighbridges, data processing departments, transportation;
- Administrative buildings: office, storage, chemical laboratories, guest rooms, sanitary areas;
- Landfill sites: reception and burial spots;
- Technical infrastructures: weighing stations, electromechanic workshops, gates, fences, roads, yards, parking lots, wash racks, water supply, wastewater collection and treatment, lighting, trees, water surface, scenery.
2.3.7.3 Hygienic solid waste landfills must be designed and built in accordance with applicable documents.
2.3.7.4 Garbage leechate from treated burial spots must meet environmental regulations under QCVN 25:2009/BTNMT.
2.3.7.5 Emission collection system must be installed at hygienic burial spots of organic solid wastes or both organic and inorganic solid wastes.
2.3.7.6 Land use percentage in regular solid waste landfills is determined in accordance with Schedule 1.
2.3.8 Hazardous waste landfill
2.3.8.1 Scale of hazardous waste landfill is determined in accordance with planning.
2.3.8.2 Main functioning areas:
- Weighing stations: Garbage weighing system must include weighbridges, data processing departments, transportation mechanisms;
- Administrative buildings: office, storage, chemical laboratories, guest rooms, sanitary areas;
- Treatment areas: reception areas, burial spots;
- Technical infrastructures: weighing stations, electromechanic workshops, gates, fences, roads, yards, parking lots, wash racks, water supply, wastewater collection and treatment, lighting, trees, water surface, scenery.
NOTE: Burial spots for hazardous wastes can be incorporated in regular solid waste landfills.
2.3.8.3 Hazardous waste landfills must be designed and built in accordance with applicable regulations.
2.3.8.4 Garbage leechate from treated burial spots must meet environmental regulations under QCVN 25:2009/BTNMT.
2.3.8.5 Land use percentage in hazardous solid waste landfills is determined under Schedule 1.
2.3.9 Concentrated solid waste treatment site
2.3.9.1 Scale of concentrated waste treatment sites is determined in accordance with approved planning based on weight of solid wastes to be processed, technology employed to process and dispose solid wastes.
2.3.9.2 Main functioning areas:
- Weighing stations installed in each treatment site include: weighbridges, data processing departments;
- Administrative buildings: office, storage, chemical laboratories, guest rooms, sanitary areas;
- Treatment areas: reception, segregation, biological treatment, recycling, storage, incineration, landfills;
- Technical infrastructures: weighing stations, electromechanic workshops, gates, fences, roads, yards, parking lots, wash racks, water supply, wastewater collection and treatment, lighting, trees, water surface, scenery.
2.3.9.3 Land use percentage in concentrated waste treatment sites is determined under Schedule 1.
2.4 Public toilet
2.4.1 Stationary public toilet requirements
2.4.1.1 Ratio of window area to floor area must not be lower than 1:8.
2.4.1.2 Materials and structure must meet strength and stability requirements during operation and use. Floor and walls must be made from anti-absorbent materials. Public toilet must be outfitted with septic tanks prior to being connected to external drainage system.
2.4.1.3 Public toilet must allow accessibility for persons with disabilities in accordance with QCVN 10:2014/BXD.
2.4.1.4 In special circumstances, public toilet can be built underground.
2.4.2 Mobile public toilet requirements
2.4.2.1 Materials and structure must meet strength and stability requirements during operation and use.
2.4.2.2 Minimum clear height of toilet stall must be 2,1 m.
2.4.2.3 Continuous and adequate water supply system is required.
2.4.2.4 Adequate sanitary, ventilation, and lighting equipment satisfactory to use demand and environmental hygiene is required.
2.4.2.5 Accessibility for persons with disabilities is required in accordance with QCVN 10:2014/BXD.
2.4.2.6 Requirements under QCVN01:2011/BYT must be met.
2.4.3 Management of sludge from public toilet
Septic tanks of public toilets must be emptied and collected at least once per year. Sludge collected from public toilets must be collected and transported to treatment sites as per the law.
2.5 Maintenance
Solid waste collection and treatment works, work items, and public toilets must be periodically maintained and repair throughout useful life in order to perform design functionalities.
3.1 Transition clauses
3.1.1 Investment projects approved prior to the effective period of this Regulation shall adhere to regulations applicable as of the date on which said projects are approved; individuals deciding on investment reserve the right to apply this Regulation.
3.1.2 Investment construction projects that are approved from the effective date hereof shall conform to this Regulation.
3.2 Local construction authorities are responsible for inspecting compliance with this Regulation in production, appraisal, approval, and management of building design and construction.
3.3 Ministry of Construction is responsible for publicizing and providing guidelines on application of this Regulation for relevant entities. Difficulties that arise during implementation of this Regulation shall be submitted to the Technical Infrastructure Department, Ministry of Construction.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM - CEMETERY, CREMATORY AND FUNERAL HOME
1.1 Scope
This Regulation provides for limits of technical specifications and mandatory management requirements to be adhered to in construction, renovation, and upgrade of cemeteries, crematories, and funeral homes.
1.2 Regulated entities
This Regulation applies to organizations and individual relevant to investment, construction, renovation, and upgrade of cemeteries, crematories, and funeral homes.
1.3 Reference documents
Reference documents below are necessary for the application of this Regulation. If reference documents are amended or replaced, the new versions shall prevail.
QCVN 01:2021/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Construction Planning;
QCVN 07-4:2023/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Technical Infrastructure System - Urban Transportation Works;
QCVN 10:2014/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Construction for Accessibility for persons with disabilities;
QCVN 02:2012/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Solid Health Care Waste Incinerator;
QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Hazardous Waste Limit;
QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Municipal Wastewater;
QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Noise;
QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Biomedical Wastewater;
QCVN 50:2013/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Hazardous Thresholds for Sludges from Water Treatment Process.
1.4 Definitions
In the Regulation, the terms below are construed as follows:
1.4.1
Cemetery
Refers to a place where the remains of dead people are buried or otherwise interred and is managed, built as per planning.
1.4.2
Final disposition
Refers to the process of storing remains or cremains of the dead.
1.4.3
Burial
Refers to the process of storing remains or cremains of the dead underground.
1.4.4
Permanent burial
Refers to permanent burial of the dead.
1.4.5
Temporary burial
Refers to burial of the dead for a period of time after which the dead body is exhumed.
1.4.6
Exhumation
Refers to a removal of remains from a temporary burial grave for another forms of final dispositions.
1.4.7
Interment of ashes
Refers to burial of bone remains of the dead following exhumation or cremains following cremation.
1.4.8
Grave
Refers to where remains or cremains of the dead are buried.
1.4.9
Cremation
Refers to the process of incinerating (at a high temperature) the remains or bone remains of the dead at crematoriums.
1.4.10
Cremains
Refers to what remains of the dead following cremation of remains or bone remains.
NOTE: Cremains will then be buried or stored in cremains storage area.
1.4.11
Crematorium
Refers to a facility consisting of cremators and other auxiliary works (offices, technical areas, cremains storage areas, funeral homes, technical infrastructures).
NOTE: Crematoriums are situated independently or as attachment to works such as cemeteries, religion establishments as long as environmental separation distance is maintained as per the law.
1.4.12
Cremator
Refers to works, equipment cremating remains and bone remains of the dead.
1.4.13
Funeral home
Refers to an establishment where funeral is organized and is managed, built as per planning.
NOTE: Funeral homes are situated independently or as attachment to works such as cemeteries, crematoriums, religion establishments as long as environmental separation distance is maintained as per the law.
2.1 General requirements
2.1.1 Investment and construction of cemeteries, crematoriums, and funeral homes must adhere to planning approved by competent authority and take into account the impact of climate change and rising sea level.
2.1.2 Cemeteries, crematoriums, and funeral homes must enable accessibility for persons with disabilities in accordance with QCVN 10:2014/BXD.
2.1.3 Environmental separation distance of cemeteries, crematoriums, and funeral homes must adhere to QCVN 01:2021/BXD.
NOTE: New crematoriums and funeral homes in existing cemeteries (planning for continuous use) may have environmental separation distance determined by the use of environmental impact assessment tools.
2.2 Cemetery
2.2.1 Cemeteries include: cemeteries for burial and cemeteries for multiple forms of final disposition.
NOTE: In addition to burial, cemeteries can accommodate other forms of final disposition such as cremains storage in prolonged cremains storage facilities (underground, aboveground, multi-storey).
2.2.2 Main functioning areas
2.2.2.1 Burial sites may, depending on the type of cemeteries, include one or multiple of the following areas:
- Areas for temporary burial;
- Areas for permanent burial;
- Areas for interment of ashes.
2.2.2.2 Other functioning areas include:
- Funeral sites or funeral homes in cemeteries;
- Crematoriums in cemeteries (if any);
- Long-term cremains storage facilities;
- Technical areas: corpse preservation and cleaning;
- Ceremonial and worshipping areas (if any);
- Auxiliary works: offices, waiting lounges, storage units, main buildings;
- Sanitary areas and other service establishments;
- Technical infrastructures: trees, water, scenery, gates, fences, yards, roads, parking lots, runoff drainage works, water supply works, wastewater collection and treatment works, solid waste collection and treatment works, electricity supply works, lighting works, audio works, communication works.
NOTE: Functioning structures can be situated in a single building as long as environmental and fire safety requirements are met.
2.2.3 Requirements regarding land use in cemeteries
2.2.3.1 Percentage of land use of functioning areas in a cemetery (over total land area of a cemetery):
- Minimum area for burial is 50 %, in which, maximum area for temporary burial is 5 %;
- Minimum area for technical infrastructures and auxiliary works is 40 %, in which, minimum area for trees and surface water is 25 % and minimum area for primary traffic is 10 %.
2.2.3.2 Maximum land area for each single grave (excluding area for surrounding paths) is 3 m2/grave.
NOTE: In respect of grave vault (double graves or family graves), maximum area equals area of each single grave multiplied by the number of remains, bone remains, or cremains therein. Percentage of land dedicated to grave vault must not exceed 50 % of total land area for burial. Area for trees, surface water, internal roads, and auxiliary works attached to each grave in a cemeteries can be excluded from land use area of corresponding grave.
2.2.3.3 Maximum volume of plot for placement of urns in cremains storage facilities is 0,125 m3/plot.
2.2.4 Spatial and scenery requirements
2.2.4.1 Depending on area scale, cemeteries are divided into grave sections or grave lots limited by roads. Each grave section is further divided into grave lots each of which is divided into grave groups each of which contain grave rows. Signs providing instructions for visitors are required in each grave group, grave lot, and grave section.
2.2.4.2 Forms of graves, headstones, fences in grave sections (if any), and grave orientation in a cemetery must be consistent in design under approved construction investment projects.
2.2.5 Technical infrastructure and environment requirements
2.2.5.1 Traffic arrangement in cemeteries:
- Primary traffic and traffic connecting cemeteries to outside traffic shall adhere to QCVN 07-4:2023/BXD;
- Minimum width of roads between grave sections is 7 m;
- Minimum width of roads between grave lots is 3,5 m;
- Minimum width of footpaths in grave lots is 1,2 m;
- Minimum spacing between two grave rows is 0,8 m;
- Minimum spacing between two graves on the same row (if any) is 0,6 m;
- Parking lots matching demands of cemeteries are required.
2.2.5.2 Solid waste collection and treatment:
- Cemeteries must be outfitted with public trash bins and solid waste consolidation grounds to collect all solid wastes that emerge. Collected solid wastes must be periodically transported to treatment sites;
- Wastes related to the dead whose cause of death is infectious diseases or decayed remains must be treated in accordance with regulations of the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on biomedical waste management.
2.2.5.3 Wastewater collection and treatment:
- Cemeteries must have separate drainage systems for surface water and wastewater generated by other activities in cemeteries.
- Where grounds of cemeteries are not sufficiently anti-absorbent (absorption coefficient exceeds 10-6 cm/s and thickness of anti-absorbent ground layer is less than 5 m), solutions for anti-absorption and collecting leechate from temporary burial graves for concentrated treatment before discharging to the environment. Wastewater treatment areas in temporary burial grave sections must be located downstream from wastewater receiving bodies and in the lowest part of cemeteries;
- Wastewater from cemeteries must be collected and treated to QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT before discharging into receiving system.
2.2.6 Scenery and environmental requirements for closed cemeteries in urban areas
2.2.6.1 Closed cemeteries in urban areas that are not planned for relocation must be renovated and improved in order to increase tree indicators in line with regulations applicable to parks.
2.2.6.2 Funeral service areas; technical areas: remains cleaning areas, remains preservation areas; crematoriums in cemeteries (if any) must be repurposed.
2.2.6.3 Fences and trees are required around cemeteries to maintain urban aesthetics.
2.3 Crematorium
2.3.1 Crematoriums include: independent crematoriums and crematoriums incorporated with other works (cemeteries, religion establishments).
2.3.2 Main functioning areas:
- Cremation areas: cremators, remains preservation areas, funeral service areas;
- Cremains storage facilities (if any);
- Ceremonial and worshipping areas (if any);
- Auxiliary works: offices, waiting lounges, storage units, main buildings, sanitary areas, and other service establishments;
- Technical infrastructures: trees, water, scenery, gates, fences, yards, roads, parking lots, runoff drainage works, water supply works, wastewater collection and treatment works, solid waste collection and treatment works, electricity supply works, lighting works, audio works, communication works.
NOTE: Functioning structures can be situated in a single building as long as environmental and fire safety requirements are met.
2.3.3 Land use requirements in crematorium
Percentage of area of technical infrastructure: at least 35 %, in which, minimum area for trees and surface water is 20 %, minimum area for traffic (including parking lots) is 10 % (on total land area of a crematorium).
NOTE: Where crematoriums are incorporated with other structures, it is permissible to share technical infrastructures and auxiliary works of said structures as long as aforementioned indicators are met.
2.3.4 Spatial and scenery requirements
Scenery of crematoriums must fit natural conditions and local customs; have reasonable spatial arrangement, be convenient for cremation process, and have natural ventilation.
2.3.5 Technical infrastructure and environment requirements
2.3.5.1 Traffic arrangement in crematoriums:
- Primary traffic and traffic connecting crematoriums with outside traffic must conform to QCVN 07-4:2023/BXD;
- New crematoriums must have separate entrances and exits; parking lots appropriate to demands for the crematoriums.
2.3.5.2 Crematorium emission collection and treatment
Crematoriums must be outfitted with emission treatment system prior to releasing emission to the environment in accordance with QCVN 02:2012/BTNMT.
2.3.5.3 Solid waste collection and treatment:
- Ashes, slags, sludges, and other solid wastes produced by incinerator operation must be segregated in accordance with QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT in order to managed by appropriate measures as per applicable laws;
- Solid wastes must be collected and transported to treatment sites in a manner compliant with environmental hygiene standards.
2.3.5.4 Wastewater collection and treatment:
- Wastewater must be separately collected and treated to meet requirements under QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT before being released to receiving system;
- Sludges produced by wastewater treatment system must be managed in accordance with QCVN 50:2013/BTNMT and collected, transported to treatment sites in a manner complaint with environmental hygiene standards.
2.4 Funeral home
2.4.1 Funeral homes include: independent funeral homes and funeral homes incorporated with other structures (cemeteries, crematoriums, religion establishments, hospitals).
2.4.2 Main functioning areas:
- Funeral areas: walkways, waiting lounges, funeral rooms, cold storage for body preservation, casket placement, embalming rooms;
- Auxiliary works: offices, waiting lounges, storage units, main buildings, sanitary areas, and other service establishments;
- Technical infrastructures: trees, water, scenery, gates, fences, yards, roads, parking lots, runoff drainage works, water supply works, wastewater collection and treatment works, solid waste collection and treatment works, electricity supply works, lighting works, audio works, communication works.
NOTE: Functioning structures can be situated in a single building as long as environmental and fire safety requirements are met.
2.4.3 Land use requirements in funeral homes
Minimum percentage of land area for technical infrastructure is 60 %, in which minimum land area for traffic (including parking lots) is 30 % (on total land area of funeral homes).
NOTE: Where funeral homes are incorporated with other structures, it is permissible to share technical infrastructures and auxiliary works of said structures as long as aforementioned indicators are met.
2.4.4 Spatial and scenery requirements
2.4.4.1 Structure of funeral homes must conform to natural conditions, local customs, and nearby scenery, have reasonable spatial arrangement and be convenient for funeral process; receive natural ventilation.
2.4.4.2 Funeral homes incorporated with hospitals must be separate from other functions in the hospitals, have separate access, and be outfitted with noise-dampening solutions.
2.4.5 Technical infrastructure and environment requirements
2.4.5.1 Traffic arrangement in funeral homes:
- Primary traffic and traffic connecting funeral homes with outside traffic must conform to QCVN 07-4:2023/BXD;
- New funeral homes must have separate entrances and exits;
- Parking lots appropriate to demands for funeral homes are required.
2.4.5.2 Waste collection and treatment:
- Solid wastes must be collected on a daily basis and transported to treatment sites in a manner compliant with environmental hygiene standards;
- Wastewater must be collected and treated to meet QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT before being discharged to receiving system.
2.4.5.3 Noises in funeral activities
Funeral homes must be outfitted with noise-dampening solutions in accordance with QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT.
2.5 Maintenance
Cemeteries, crematoriums, and funeral homes must be periodically maintained and repaired throughout their useful life in order to perform design functionalities.
3.1 Transition clauses
3.1.1 Investment projects approved prior to the effective period of this Regulation shall adhere to regulations applicable as of the date on which said projects are approved; individuals deciding on investment reserve the right to apply this Regulation.
3.1.2 Investment construction projects that are approved from the effective date hereof shall conform to this Regulation.
3.2 Local construction authorities are responsible for inspecting compliance with this Regulation in production, appraisal, approval, and management of building design and construction.
3.3 Ministry of Construction is responsible for publicizing and providing guidelines on application of this Regulation for relevant entities. Difficulties that arise during implementation of this Regulation shall be submitted to the Technical Infrastructure Department, Ministry of Construction.